Characterization of performance of full-scale tertiary membranes under stressed operating conditions.

This study sought to identify factors responsible for enhanced fouling of ultrafiltration membranes used in tertiary wastewater treatment under challenging conditions of high flow and low temperature. A detailed analysis of full-scale membrane operating data was conducted, and this was supported by data gathered through a field sampling campaign. Higher average fouling rates and average recoveries were observed during periods of highest flows and lowest temperatures.

The pattern ERG in chicks - Stimulus dependence and optic nerve section.

The chick is widely used in studies of eye growth regulation and myopia. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of pattern (p)ERG as a tool to assess retinal function in such studies. Effects of optical defocus and diffusing blur, manipulations used to alter eye growth experimentally, were evaluated.