The Effects of Filter Cutoff Frequency on Musculoskeletal Simulations of High-Impact Movements.

Estimation of muscle forces through musculoskeletal simulation is important in understanding human movement and injury. Unmatched filter frequencies used to low-pass filter marker and force platform data can create artifacts during inverse dynamics analysis, but their effects on muscle force calculations are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of filter cutoff frequency on simulation parameters and magnitudes of lower-extremity muscle and resultant joint contact forces during a high-impact maneuver.

Cultural Change: The How and the Why.

More than half a century of cross-cultural research has demonstrated group-level differences in psychological and behavioral phenomena, from values to attention to neural responses. However, cultures are not static, with several specific changes documented for cultural products, practices, and values. How and why do societies change? Here we juxtapose theory and insights from cultural evolution and social ecology.

End-State Comfort Across the Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of How Movement Context Influences Motor Planning in an Overturned Glass Task.

Young adults plan actions in advance to minimize the cost of movement. This is exemplified by the end-state comfort (ESC) effect. A pattern of improvement in ESC in children is linked to the development of cognitive control processes, and decline in older adults is attributed to cognitive decline.

Assessment of Oral Anticoagulant Use in Residents of Long-Term Care Homes: Evidence for Contemporary Suboptimal Use.

Objective: To describe the quality of warfarin use in residents of long-term care facilities and investigate potential predictors oral anticoagulant use.

Design: Retrospective chart review (August 2013 to September 2014).

Setting: Thirteen long-term care (LTC) and assisted living facilities (ALF).

Comparison of dual energy subtraction chest radiography and traditional chest X-rays in the detection of pulmonary nodules.

Background: Dual energy subtraction (DES) radiography is a powerful but underutilized technique which aims to improve the diagnostic value of an X-ray by separating soft tissue from bones, producing two different images. Compared to traditional chest X-rays, DES requires exposure to higher doses of radiation but may achieve higher accuracy. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical benefits of DES radiography by comparing the speed and accuracy of diagnosis of pulmonary nodules with DES versus traditional chest X-rays.

High quality-factor optical nanocavities in bulk single-crystal diamond.

Single-crystal diamond, with its unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties, has emerged as a promising material with applications in classical and quantum optics. However, the lack of heteroepitaxial growth and scalable fabrication techniques remains the major limiting factors preventing more wide-spread development and application of diamond photonics. In this work, we overcome this difficulty by adapting angled-etching techniques, previously developed for realization of diamond nanomechanical resonators, to fabricate racetrack resonators and photonic crystal cavities in bulk single-crystal diamond.

Use of screening to recruitment ratios as a tool for planning and implementing spinal cord injury rehabilitation research.

Study Design: Descriptive report.

Objectives: To describe screening to recruitment (S:R) ratios and discuss their use for planning and implementing research among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) .

Setting: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Statistical methods for incomplete data: Some results on model misspecification.

Inverse probability weighted estimating equations and multiple imputation are two of the most studied frameworks for dealing with incomplete data in clinical and epidemiological research. We examine the limiting behaviour of estimators arising from inverse probability weighted estimating equations, augmented inverse probability weighted estimating equations and multiple imputation when the requisite auxiliary models are misspecified. We compute limiting values for settings involving binary responses and covariates and illustrate the effects of model misspecification using simulations based on data from a breast cancer clinical trial.