Exploring Ethical Concerns About Human Challenge Studies: A Qualitative Study of Controlled Human Malaria Infection Study Participants' Motivations and Attitudes.

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies deliberately infect healthy participants with malaria to test interventions faster and more efficiently. Some argue the study design and high payments offered raise ethical concerns about participants' understanding of risks and undue inducement. We conducted baseline and exit interviews with 16 CHMI study participants to explore these concerns.

The decision to biopsy in a lung cancer screening program: Potential impact of risk calculators.

Objective: The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated the benefits of lung cancer screening, but the potential high incidence of unnecessary invasive testing for ultimately benign radiologic findings causes concern. We aimed to review current biopsy patterns and outcomes in our community-based program, and retrospectively apply malignancy prediction models in a lung cancer screening population, to identify the potential impact these calculators could have on biopsy decisions.

Methods: Retrospective review of lung cancer-screening program participants from 2013 to 2016.

Automated Surgical Approach Planning for Complex Skull Base Targets: Development and Validation of a Cost Function and Semantic At-las.

Successful multidisciplinary treatment of skull base pathology requires precise preoperative planning. Current surgical approach (pathway) selection for these complex procedures depends on an individual surgeon's experiences and background training. Because of anatomical variation in both normal tissue and pathology (eg, tumor), a successful surgical pathway used on one patient is not necessarily the best approach on another patient.

Speech and Surgical Outcomes in Children With Veau Types III and IV Cleft Palate: A Comparison of Internationally Adopted and Nonadopted Children.

Objective: This study compares speech and surgical outcomes in internationally adopted and nonadopted patients undergoing cleft palate repair, and examines the influence of age at initial palatoplasty.

Design: Retrospective cohort study setting: Tertiary Care Children's Hospital.

Patients: 70 international adoptees and 211 nonadoptees with Veau type III and IV clefts (without associated syndrome) repaired at our institution.

Adolescent Perspectives on Patient-Provider Sexual Health Communication: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Adolescents in the United States are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Adolescent-centered health services may reduce barriers to health care; yet, limited research has focused on adolescents' own perspectives on patient-provider communication during a sexual health visit.

Methods: Twenty-four adolescents (14-19 years old) seeking care in a public health clinic in Washington State participated in one-on-one qualitative interviews.

Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study.

Effective treatment options are needed for veterans who do not participate in trauma-focused psychotherapy. Research has yet to examine the effectiveness of transdiagnostic psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring psychological disorders. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) delivered in a 16-week group format.

Home Monitoring of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis to Identify and Treat Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations. eICE Study Results.

Rationale: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations, which lead to decreased lung function and reduced quality of life.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine if an intervention directed toward early detection of pulmonary exacerbations using home spirometry and symptom monitoring would result in slower decline in lung function than in control subjects.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial at 14 CF centers with subjects at least 14 years old.

Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a potentially devastating form of congenital heart disease in which all pulmonary blood flow returns to the systemic venous circulation rather than the left atrium. Anomalous pulmonary venous flow may be obstructed at birth, and affected infants present with severe cyanosis and poor cardiac output unresponsive to standard resuscitation with prostaglandin. Obstructed TAPVC remains one of the few indications for emergent neonatal cardiac surgery.

Telemental Health for Children and Adolescents: An Overview of Legal, Regulatory, and Risk Management Issues.

Objective: The use of technology to provide telemental healthcare continues to increase; however, little has been written about the legal and regulatory issues involved in providing this form of care to children and adolescents.

Methods: This article reviews existing laws and regulations to summarize the risk management issues relevant to providing telemental healthcare to children and adolescents.

Results: There are several legal and regulatory areas in which telemental health clinicians need to have awareness.