Posterior Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (PITH).

Hypertrophy of the soft tissue of the posterior inferior turbinate (PITH) may be observed during nasal endoscopy, although the clinical significance is not understood. We report a cross-sectional study of consecutive new patients undergoing baseline nasal endoscopy in a tertiary rhinology clinic. Subjects completed 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaires.

Higher body mass index is not a risk factor for in-hospital adverse outcomes following total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and perioperative complications until hospital discharge, following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 1665 cases of elective primary unilateral TKA performed between 2006 and 2010, from a prospective secure electronic database. Types of complications, length of operating time, and duration of hospital stay were analyzed in both adjusted (for known confounders) and unadjusted analyses.

Improved Cost-Effectiveness and Blood Product Utilization From Instituting a Blood Ordering Algorithm for Cardiac Surgical Cases.

Background: Results of a previous study revealed an over-ordering of blood products for cardiac surgery and led to the creation of a new blood ordering algorithm. This follow-up study has been conducted to evaluate improvement in ordering practices.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected for 171 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery from March 2015 to March 2016 to determine the crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio (C:tx) and potential cost savings.

Body mass index and in-hospital postoperative complications following primary total hip arthroplasty.

Background: The influence of obesity measured in terms of body mass index (BMI) on the complication rates following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a matter of debate.

Methods: This retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral centre at Brisbane, Australia, examines the association between BMI and in-hospital postoperative complications, length of operating time and duration of hospital stay in 964 patients, who underwent THA from 2006 to 2010.

Results: Amongst patients undergoing primary THA, when compared to the normal weight patients, those with BMI between 25 kg/m and 29.

The Risk of Community-Acquired Enteric Infection in Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Previous meta-analyses suggest that users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have a higher risk of developing enteric infections compared with nonusers. These previous meta-analyses have considerable heterogeneity, and it is not clear whether the effect of PPIs is different for different types of microorganisms.

Objective: The aim of this study is to update previous meta-analyses, concentrating on enteric infection in community settings and exploring potential sources of heterogeneity.

Do People With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Benefit From Making Errors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Error-Based and Errorless Learning.

Background: Errorless learning (ELL) and error-based learning (EBL) are commonly used approaches to rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is unknown whether making errors is beneficial in the learning process to promote skills generalization after severe TBI.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ELL and EBL for improving skills generalization, self-awareness, behavioral competency, and psychosocial functioning after severe TBI.

Exploring the East-West Divide in Prevalence of Affective Disorder: A Case for Cultural Differences in Coping With Negative Emotion.

Lifetime rates of clinical depression and anxiety in the West tend to be approximately 4 to 10 times greater than rates in Asia. In this review, we explore one possible reason for this cross-cultural difference, that Asian cultures think differently about emotion than do Western cultures and that these different systems of thought help explain why negative affect does not escalate into clinical disorder at the same rate. We review research from multiple disciplines-including cross-cultural psychology, social cognition, clinical psychology, and psychiatry-to make the case that the Eastern holistic principles of contradiction (each experience is associated with its opposite), change (the world exists in a state of constant flux), and context (the interconnectedness of all things) fundamentally shape people's experience of emotions in different cultures.

Self-care educational intervention to reduce hospitalisations in heart failure: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: A variety of educational interventions have been implemented to assist patients with heart failure to maintain their own health, develop self-care behaviours and decrease readmissions.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a multimedia educational intervention for patients with heart failure in reducing unplanned hospital readmissions.

Methods: The study, a randomised controlled trial in a large tertiary referral hospital in Australia, recruited 200 patients.

Clozapine Response Rates among People with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Data from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for the 25% to 33% of people with schizophrenia who are treatment resistant, but not all people achieve response. Using data from a previously published clozapine systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored the proportion of people who achieved response and examined the absolute and percentage change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. Overall, 40.

Restoring Agency to the Human Actor.

A cursory read of the social psychological literature suggests that when people find themselves in strong situations, they fail to display agency. The early classic studies of conformity, obedience, and bystander intervention, for example, are renowned for showing that when challenged by strong situational pressures, participants acquiesced-even if it meant abandoning their moral principles or disregarding their own sensory data. Later studies of learned helplessness, ego depletion, and stereotype threat echoed this "power of the situation" theme, demonstrating that exposure to (or the expectation of) a frustrating or unpleasant experience suppressed subsequent efforts to actualize goals and abilities.

Use of Google Scholar public profiles in orthopedics.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to survey the growth of Google Scholar public profiles in orthopedics over a 12-month period and to investigate global patterns.

Methods: Data was prospectively acquired from June 2013 to June 2014. Google Scholar queries specific to orthopedic surgery were performed at 90-day intervals.

Childhood Lung Function Predicts Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome.

Rationale: The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, yet there are limited data on early life risk factors.

Objectives: To investigate the role of childhood lung function in adult COPD phenotypes.

Methods: Prebronchodilator spirometry was performed for a cohort of 7-year-old Tasmanian children (n = 8,583) in 1968 who were resurveyed at 45 years, and a selected subsample (n = 1,389) underwent prebronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry.

Electronic Heath Record Prompts May Increase Screening for Secondhand Smoke Exposure.

Introduction: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians promote smoking cessation among caregivers at every visit. Currently, there are inconsistencies between recommendations and clinical practice. This study aims to compare results generated from 3 intervention methods on the rate at which pediatricians screen for secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe).

A Tale of Smoking Cessation Promotion: The Utilization of a Children's Book to Increase Screening and Counseling in the Pediatric Clinic.

Objectives: The rate at which pediatricians promote smoking cessation in clinical settings is low. The literature demonstrates that interventions paired with tangible health promotion materials may significantly increase screening rates to the pediatric office. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of a children's book in the pediatric clinic could result in an increase in the rate in which pediatricians screened for secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) and counseled caregivers to stop smoking.

A structured review of chronic care model components supporting transition between healthcare service delivery types for older people with multiple chronic diseases.

Objective: Older people with chronic diseases often have complex and interacting needs and require treatment and care from a wide range of professionals and services concurrently. This structured review will identify the components of the chronic care model (CCM) required to support healthcare that transitions seamlessly between hospital and ambulatory settings for people over 65 years of age who have two or more chronic diseases.

Method: A structured review was conducted by searching six electronic databases combining the terms 'hospital', 'ambulatory', 'elderly', 'chronic disease' and 'integration/seamless'.

Activating and Guiding the Engagement of Seniors With Online Social Networking: Experimental Findings From the AGES 2.0 Project.

Objective: Guided by theoretical and empirical work attesting to the health benefits of social connections, we tested whether Internet connectivity, and training in its use for social purposes, can support the well-being of older adults receiving care.

Method: Participants ( N = 76) were randomly assigned to receive 3 months training versus care-as-usual. Cognitive and mental health were assessed before and after the intervention.

Increasing Pediatricians' Smoking Cessation Promotion and Knowledge of the Smoking Cessation Trust.

The link between second hand smoke exposure (SHSe) and health issues in children has been well established. The objective of this study was to determine if a short intervention implemented among pediatricians promotes improvement in the promotion of smoking cessation to caregivers and increase pediatricians' awareness of the Smoking Cessation Trust (SCT). Pediatricians from 6 clinics were randomly assigned to the control or intervention group.