Nutrition for Special Populations: Young, Female, and Masters Athletes.

Adolescent, female, and masters athletes have unique nutritional requirements as a consequence of undertaking daily training and competition in addition to the specific demands of age- and gender-related physiological changes. Dietary education and recommendations for these special population athletes require a focus on eating for long-term health, with special consideration given to "at-risk" dietary patterns and nutrients (e.g.

Integrative CNS Plasticity With Exercise in MS: The PRIMERS (PRocessing, Integration of Multisensory Exercise-Related Stimuli) Conceptual Framework.

There is a proliferation of research examining the effects of exercise on mobility and cognition in the general population and those with neurological disorders as well as focal research examining possible neural mechanisms of such effects. However, there is seemingly a lack of focus on what it is about exercise, in particular, that drives adaptive central nervous system neuroplasticity. We propose a novel conceptual framework (ie, PRIMERS) that describes such adaptations as occurring via activity-dependent neuroplasticity based on the integrative processing of multisensory input and associated complex motor output that is required for the regulation of physiological systems during exercise behavior.

Mediating Role of Career Coaching on Job-Search Behavior of Older Generations.

This study focuses on career development processes and options for older workers in South Korea and explores how career coaching enhances their career development efforts and transition needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between older employees' goal-setting, self-efficacy, and job-search behavior mediated by career coaching. A total of 249 participants were recruited in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being: Testing a Three-Stage Model.

Findings from a meta-analysis on gender differences in self-esteem (Zuckerman et al., 2016) suggest that the relation between the degree to which societal conditions are favorable to women and gender difference in self-esteem might be quadratic; when conditions improve, women's self-esteem (relative to that of men) trends downward but when conditions continue to improve, women's self-esteem begins to trend upward. Testing whether these relations generalize to subjective well-being, the present study found a quadratic relation between improving societal conditions and the gender difference in life satisfaction and positive affect (women are lower than men when societal conditions are moderately favorable compared to when they are at their worst and at their best); the relation was linear for negative emotion (women report more negative emotions than men when societal conditions are better).

Oral Histories as Critical Qualitative Inquiry in Community Health Assessment.

Qualitative methods such as focus groups and interviews are common methodologies employed in participatory approaches to community health assessment to develop effective community health improvement plans. Oral histories are a rarely used form of qualitative inquiry that can enhance community health assessment in multiple ways. Oral histories center residents' lived experiences, which often reveal more complex social and health phenomena than conventional qualitative inquiry.

Mothers Who Were Neglected in Childhood Show Differences in Neural Response to Their Infant's Cry.

The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how a mother's experience of neglect in her own childhood is associated with her neural response to her infant's distress cues. During scanning, 22 high-risk primiparous mothers were exposed to both their own 18-month-old infant's cry sound and a control sound. Mothers' continuous Neglect subscale scores from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were examined as a predictor of their neural response to own infant cry > control sound.

Spinal Cord Injury and Seated Postural Control: A Test of the Rambling and Trembling Hypothesis.

Rambling-trembling analysis separates the center of pressure into two components: the rambling component (RM: supraspinal) and trembling component (TM: muscle stiffness/reflex). We hypothesized that persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) would demonstrate decreased RM resulting from altered supraspinal processing and increased TM resulting from increased muscle stiffness. We also anticipated that the TM component would be greater in SCI patients with Harrington rods than in those without them.

A Review of Childhood Physical Activity, Brain, and Cognition: Perspectives on the Future.

This manuscript, which arose from the inaugural Tom Rowland Lecture Series at the 2016 North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine conference, provides a brief descriptive review of what is known (i.e., the state of the science) regarding the relation of childhood physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to brain health, cognition, and academic outcomes.

Use of Health Services by Maltreated Children in Two Different Sociocultural Contexts: Where Can Doors for Interventions Be Opened?

Among maltreated children, elevated use of non-routine (for illness or injury) services may coexist with underutilization of preventive services. Besides physical health problems, lack of contact with primary care may preclude the identification and delivery of appropriate interventions. We examined health service utilization in the longitudinal Boricua Youth Study of Puerto Rican children residing in the South Bronx (SBx), New York City ( n = 901), and San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico ( n = 1,163).

An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Capital and Health Outcomes in Homeless Female Youths.

Female homeless youths are vulnerable to risky sex and substance use behaviors, yet they have strengths known as psychological capital. A quasi-experimental pre-post research design with repeated measures was used to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a brief intervention to enhance psychological capital, reduce health-risk behaviors, and achieve short-term behavioral goals. Study participants were 80 ethnically diverse homeless women between the ages of 18 and 23 years.

The Brand's PREACH Model: Predicting Readiness to Engage African American Churches in Health.

Despite many attempts to reduce health disparities, health professionals face obstacles in improving poor health outcomes within the African American (AA) community. To promote change for improved health measures, it is important to implement culturally tailored programming through a trusted institution, such as the AA church. While churches have the potential to play an important role in positively impacting health among AAs, it is unclear what attributes are necessary to predict success or failure for health promotion within these institutions.

Processes of Personality Development in Adulthood: The TESSERA Framework.

The current article presents a theoretical framework of the short- and long-term processes underlying personality development throughout adulthood. The newly developed TESSERA framework posits that long-term personality development occurs due to repeated short-term, situational processes. These short-term processes can be generalized as recursive sequence of Triggering situations, Expectancy, States/State expressions, and Reactions (TESSERA).

Examining the Influence of Care-Recipient Resistance on Family Caregiver Emotional and Physical Well-Being: Average Frequency Versus Daily Fluctuation.

Although existing cross-sectional research suggests that dependent older family members' resistive behavior (care-recipient [CR] resistance: verbal or nonverbal rejection or resistance toward caregiver [CG] assistance) can be challenging for informal family CGs, we know little about the impact of the occurrence patterns of CR-resistance-average frequency versus daily fluctuation-on CG emotional and physical well-being. To document CGs' daily experiences with CR-resistance and their emotional and physical well-being, the present study applied short-term repeated measures, collecting data on 8 consecutive days from 63 CGs in Southern Arizona, the United States. Multilevel modeling of the daily data revealed that neither average frequency nor daily fluctuation in CR-resistance alone had a significant impact on CG emotional/physical health.

Factors Associated With HIV Testing Among Men in Haiti: Results From the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey.

HIV testing serves as the gateway to HIV prevention and treatment. However, research examining men's HIV testing behaviors in the Caribbean remains limited. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization was used to examine factors associated with HIV testing among 7,354 men who participated in the 2012 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Haiti.