Processed and Packed: How Refined Are the Foods That Children Bring to School for Snack and Lunch?

Background: Increasing consumption of highly processed foods has been associated with adverse health outcomes among children. In the US, children consume up to half of their daily energy intake at school.

Objectives: We sought to characterize foods that children bring from home to school according to processing level and to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention, Great Taste Less Waste (GTLW), in reducing the proportion of energy brought from highly processed foods from home compared with control.

Spinal subarachnoid space tapering in patients with syringomyelia.

Background And Purpose: Cervical spine tapering affects cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Cervical spine taper ratios derived from anteroposterior diameters reportedly differ between patients with syringomyelia and controls. We attempted to verify the differences in diameter and to show differences in cross-sectional area between syringomyelia and controls.

Reactivation of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection after Major Surgery: Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs in previously immunocompetent critically ill individuals and may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to explore risk factors for and outcomes after CMV reactivation in patients undergoing major surgery. We performed a retrospective case control study of patients without underlying immunocompromise who developed post-operative CMV reactivation from 2004-2016.

"Losing Your Land You Feel Like You're Losing Your Identity, Like You're Experiencing Slow Death": An Interview With Chief Thomas Dardar-Houma Nation.

The Houma Nation was a major community hub for the Citizen Science Network seafood sampling conducted as part of the Gulf Coast Health Alliance: Health Risks Related to the Macondo Spill (GC-HARMS) research project. They also managed a clinical cohort to facilitate wellness checkups and collection of biological samples during the project. In this interview, Thomas Dardar, Principal Chief of the Houma Nation, outlines the historical and evolving changes-cultural as well as geophysical-that the Houma Nation must address in an uncharted era of climate-related impacts on weather patterns, sea levels, and sustainable land uses.

"I Remember the Mental Chaos While They Tried To Seal the Well and Clean Up the Oil Spill - How Much Fear and Uncertainty Everyone Felt": An interview with Marylee and Michael Orr, Louisiana Environmental Action Network.

In this interview, Marylee Orr and her son, Michael Orr, of the Louisiana Environmental Action Network (Baton Rouge, LA) recall the massive trauma among fishing families (including those whose boats were used in the clean-up effort) caused by the Deep Water Horizon spill, the state and federal closures of fishing grounds, and the moratorium on oil exploration and production activity during the clean-up efforts. They recount the history of their organization's vision and growth, their role in regional environmental justice efforts, and outline how they developed an approach to rapid response community empowerment based on colearning, respect, consensus, and action-a vision that parallels the work of Paulo Freire and the practice values of community-based participatory research. They discuss the collaborative seafood sampling site map and toxicology primer they built and archived as a key community partner of the Gulf Coast Health Alliance: Health Risks Related to the Macondo Spill Project.

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults.

Bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract has a symbiotic relationship with its host. Animal models have demonstrated a relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition. This was the first study to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VOmax) and relative gut microbiota composition (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio [F/B]) in healthy young adults in a free-living environment.

Theory of Prejudice and American Identity Threat Transfer for Latino and Asian Americans.

Latinos and Asian Americans confront similar stereotypes as they are often presumed to be foreigners and subjected to American identity denial. Across six studies (total N = 992), we demonstrate that Latinos and Asians anticipate ingroup prejudice and specific types of subordination (e.g.

The Association Between Perceived Athletic Competence and Physical Activity: Implications for Low-Income Schoolchildren.

Purpose: Socioeconomic status (SES) may impact children's physical activity (PA) behaviors and confidence to participate in PA. We examined how SES modifies the relationship between children's perceived athletic competence (PAC) and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA).

Methods: Children (N = 1157; 45% male; grades 3-4) were recruited for the Fueling Learning through Exercise study.

Clinical Application of Mathematical Long Bone Ratios to Calculate Appropriate Donor Limb Lengths in Bilateral Upper Limb Transplantation.

Limited methods exist to aid in deciding the appropriate donor limb lengths in bilateral upper limb amputees qualifying for vascularized composite allotransplantation. We hypothesized mathematical equations could be created using long bone length ratios, and applied to radiographs, to approximate the patient's limb length prior to amputation. A data set of 30 skeletons' unilateral upper limb long bones measured using osteometric board and calipers was used.

Interactive Effects of Obvious and Ambiguous Social Categories on Perceptions of Leadership: When Double-Minority Status May Be Beneficial.

Easily perceived identities (e.g., race) may interact with perceptually ambiguous identities (e.

Colocated Mental Health/Developmental Care.

The inadequacy of mental health and developmental services for children is a widely recognized and growing problem. Although a variety of solutions have been proposed, none has been generally successful or feasible. This research describes models of colocation that have evolved in primary care settings in Massachusetts and reports on pediatricians' and their colocated colleagues' impressions of their benefits and challenges.

Multicenter Validation of a Customizable Scoring Tool for Selection of Trainees for a Residency or Fellowship Program. The EAST-IST Study.

Rationale: Few data have been published regarding scoring tools for selection of postgraduate medical trainee candidates that have wide applicability.

Objectives: The authors present a novel scoring tool developed to assist postgraduate programs in generating an institution-specific rank list derived from selected elements of the U.S.

Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Intensive Care Units.

Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the physiological and clinical outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with standard oxygen (O) or conventional noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in intensive care units (ICUs).

Procedures: We selected the full-text prospective studies comparing HFNC with standard O or NIV in ICU. The continuous variables were analyzed with sample size-adjusted pooled t test.

Blood Management Strategies to Reduce Transfusions After Elective Lower-Extremity Joint Arthroplasty Surgeries: One Tertiary Care Hospital's Early Experience With an Alternative Payment Model-a Total Joint "Bundle".

Blood loss associated with lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty (TJA) often results in anemia and the need for red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs). This article reports on a quality improvement initiative aimed at improving blood management strategies in patients undergoing TJA. A multifaceted intervention (preoperative anemia assessment, use of tranexamic acid, discouragement of autologous preoperative blood collection, restrictive RBCT protocols) was implemented.

Insights and Best Practices for Planning and Implementing Patient Advisory Boards.

A growing number of organizations-including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, foundations and associations-are routinely implementing patient advisory boards (PAB) given their high reported value for minimal relative investment. Organizations are typically implementing PABs to solicit patient voices and perspectives on a variety of areas such as protocol designs, clinical trial medicine kit designs, informed consent form designs, technology solutions, and patient communication materials. The Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation (CISCRP) has planned, executed, and facilitated more than 30 PABs.

Organizational Identity Safety Cue Transfers.

Traditionally, researchers have focused on identity-congruent safety cues such as the effect of gender diversity awards on women's sense of inclusion in organizations. The present studies investigate, for the first time, whether identity safety cues (e.g.

A Symptom-Triggered Benzodiazepine Protocol Utilizing SAS and CIWA-Ar Scoring for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Critically Ill.

Background: There are limited data on the efficacy of symptom-triggered therapy for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocol utilizing Riker Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS) scoring for the treatment of AWS in the ICU.

Methods: We performed a before-and-after study in a medical ICU.

Maternal Social Information Processing and the Frequency and Severity of Mother-Perpetrated Physical Abuse.

The frequency and severity of physical abuse influences children's outcomes, yet little theory-based research has explored what predicts its course. This study examined the potential role of social information processing (SIP) factors in the course of abuse. Mothers with histories of perpetrating physical abuse ( N = 62) completed measures of SIP, and the frequency and severity of mother-perpetrated physical abuse were collected from Child Protection Services records.

Same-Day Discharge Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis as a Measure of Quality in the Pediatric Population.

Background: Acute appendicitis remains the most common surgical emergency in children, with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) now the standard of care. Same-day discharge (SD) after LA is both feasible and safe in children treated for uncomplicated appendicitis. This study aims to determine if SD following LA for children with uncomplicated appendicitis would improve the quality of care with respect to cost of treatment, patient satisfaction, and complications when compared with a cohort admitted postoperatively.

Experiences of Children With Gay Fathers.

An online survey was distributed via snowball sampling and resulted in responses from 61 gay fathers raising children in 2 states. Fathers reported on the barriers they experienced and the pathways they took to becoming parents. They reported also on experiences of stigma directed at them and their children, especially from family members, friends, and people in religious institutions.

Yoga for Adult Women with Chronic PTSD: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study.

Introduction: Yoga-the integrative practice of physical postures and movement, breath exercises, and mindfulness-may serve as a useful adjunctive component of trauma-focused treatment to build skills in tolerating and modulating physiologic and affective states that have become dysregulated by trauma exposure. A previous randomized controlled study was carried out among 60 women with chronic, treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated mental health problems stemming from prolonged or multiple trauma exposures. After 10 sessions of yoga, participants exhibited statistically significant decreases in PTSD symptom severity and greater likelihood of loss of PTSD diagnosis, significant decreases in engagement in negative tension reduction activities (e.