Differences in beliefs and attitudes toward Depression and Schizophrenia in Russia and the United States.

Background: Cross-cultural studies find that culture shapes people's understanding of mental illnesses, particularly Depression and Schizophrenia.

Aims: To compare individuals' beliefs and attitudes toward Depression and Schizophrenia in Russia and the United States.

Method: Participants (=607) were presented with vignettes of two diagnostically unlabeled psychiatric case histories and then answered questions regarding mental health literacy (MHL) and attitudes toward the person and the illness.

Development and Validation of a PACER Prediction Equation for VOpeak in 10- to 15-Year-Old Youth.

Previous progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) equations were developed to estimate peak oxygen consumption (VOpeak) from data collected during treadmill running. No equation has been developed using VOpeak assessed during the PACER. To develop and validate a prediction equation to estimate VOpeak from the PACER in 10- to 15-year-olds.

Alcohol, Marijuana, and Dating Abuse Perpetration by Young Adults: Results of a Daily Call Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate same-day alcohol or marijuana use and dating abuse (DA) perpetration in a sample of 60 noncollege-attending young adults. Participants reported daily data for 3 months. DA perpetration was more likely on days when participants also reported alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.

Predicting Forgiveness in Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.

A recent study found that women's intent to return to abusive partners is related to their forgiveness of the abuse; however, few studies have identified predictors of forgiveness in this population. Consequently, this study aims to identify factors related to forgiveness of intimate partner violence (IPV). It was hypothesized that commitment would predict forgiveness and that minimization of aggression would mediate this relation, as women may be more likely to minimize the severity of the IPV to reduce the dissonance that arises from being committed to unhealthy relationships.

Further evidence of self-medication: personality factors influencing drug choice in substance use disorders.

According to Khantzian's (2003) self-medication hypothesis (SMH), substance dependence is a compensatory means to modulate affects and self-soothe in response to distressing psychological states. Khantzian asserts: (1) Drugs become addicting because they have the power to alleviate, remove, or change human psychological suffering, and (2) There is a considerable degree of specificity in a person's choice of drugs because of unique psychological and physiological effects. The SMH has received criticism for its variable empirical support, particularly in terms of the drug-specificity aspect of Khantzian's hypothesis.