Leukoaraiosis Is Associated With a Decline in Language Abilities in Chronic Aphasia.

. A fraction of stroke survivors with chronic aphasia experience declines in language abilities over time, but the reason for this remains unclear. .

Ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted antiretroviral therapy and direct oral anticoagulants: A case for apixaban.

The potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between direct oral anticoagulants and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is vast. Ritonavir and cobicistat are used as pharmacokinetic enhancers with either concurrent protease inhibitors or the integrase strand transfer inhibitor, elvitegravir, to optimize therapeutic concentrations by cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition. To date, only rivaroxaban and dabigatran have reported cases of use with ritonavir-boosted ART.

Changes in Parental Perceptions of Their Care of Their Children's Oral Health From Age 1 to 4 Years.

Introduction: In this 3-year longitudinal study, parent/child attended 3 dental visits and in between, parents were called every 4 months and asked if their child had visited the dentist and if fluoride varnish had been applied.

Methods: Objectives were to assess changes in parents' perceptions of how well they do in taking care of their children's teeth and/or gums across these 3 time points (at age 1, 2.5, and 4 years), assess differences in parents' perceptions of how well they do taking care of their children's teeth and/or gums versus taking care of their children's medical health, and determine factors associated with parental perceptions of how well they do in taking care of the children's teeth and/or gums longitudinally.

Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Depression Symptoms, and Blood Glucose in Pregnant Women.

Sleep quality during pregnancy affects maternal/child health. We aimed to assess changes in sleep quality during pregnancy and determine its relationship to maternal mood, blood glucose, and work schedule among primiparous women. We conducted a prospective/longitudinal/observational study.

Comprehensive Management Considerations of Select Noncardiac Organ Systems in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

As the acuity and complexity of pediatric patients with congenital cardiac disease have increased, there are many noncardiac issues that may be present in these patients. These noncardiac problems may affect clinical outcomes in the cardiac intensive care unit and must be recognized and managed. The Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society sought to provide an expert review of some of the most common challenges of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, renal, and endocrine systems in pediatric cardiac patients.

Predicting Caries in Medical Settings: Risk Factors in Diverse Infant Groups.

Expanded partnership with the medical community is a promising strategy for reducing disparities in dental caries among young children. However, no validated caries risk instrument exists for use in primary health care settings. To help resolve this gap, a 52-item caries risk questionnaire was developed and targeted to primary caregivers (PCGs) to test in a 3-y prospective study.

Evaluation of Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain After MR Arthrography.

Objective: Although significant investigation has been done into the deposition of gadolinium in the brains of patients receiving IV gadolinium, there is little research concerning nonintravenous uses of gadolinium, specifically in conjunction with musculoskeletal MR arthrography. Although small in volume, intraarticular administration is an off-label use of gadolinium, necessitating careful scrutiny for patient safety. Thus, we investigated the relationship between intraarticular gadolinium administration during MR arthrography and the presence of intracranial gadolinium deposition on subsequent brain MRI.

Uses and Perspectives of Aging Well Terminology in Taiwanese and International Literature: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this study is to examine aging well (AW) terminology in Taiwan in its local and global contexts, and to suggest ways of communication by Taiwanese professionals that is sensitive to the lay public's preferences. Researchers conducted a systematic review using Khan et al.'s strategy, and Harden and Thomas' method, to sift through seven databases and synthesize diverse studies on AW.

Blood Sugar, Your Pancreas, and Unicorns: The Development of Health Education Materials for Youth With Prediabetes.

The obesity epidemic has led to an increase in prediabetes in youth, causing a serious public health concern. Education on diabetes risk and initiation of lifestyle change are the primary treatment modalities. There are few existing age-appropriate health education tools to address diabetes prevention for high-risk youth.

More About When I's Meet: The Intergroup Ramifications of I-Sharing, Part II.

Previous research on I-sharing (the belief that one has shared the same, in-the-moment subjective experience with another person) revealed its promise for improving intergroup relations. We expand on this research by (a) pursuing the mechanism underlying I-sharing's effects; (b) asking whether I-sharing promotes positive, behavioral intergroup outcomes; and (c) asking whether the effects of I-sharing generalize to the outgroup at large. Study 1 rules out the possibility that I-sharing promotes liking for an outgroup member via a process of subtyping.

National Standards and State Variation in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Forms.

Background: The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Paradigm is used across the country to document the treatment preferences of seriously ill or frail patients as medical orders. The National POLST Paradigm Task Force maintains consensus-based standards for POLST programs and uses these to determine whether a state POLST program is developing, endorsed, or mature.

Objectives: To evaluate state program form adherence to national standards.

Lessons in Program Evaluation: The ACTV Batterer Program Study and Its Claims.

The "Evaluation of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) curriculum for domestic violence offenders" illustrates the methodological issues associated with interpreting program evaluations and applying them to policy. Despite the "preliminary" evidence, the authors promote ACTV as more effective in terms of recidivism compared with DU/CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy) programming. A more critical consideration of the research, however, exposes further limitations that counter the initial speculations and interpretations of the study outcome.

Fluoride Use in Health Care Settings: Association with Children's Caries Risk.

Expanded partnership with the medical community is an important strategy for reducing dental caries disparities. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between fluoride (F) "in office" (drops/tablets and/or varnish), as prescribed or applied by a health care professional by age 1 y, and 1) caries development and 2) presence of other caries risk factors or mediators (e.g.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Saudi Arabia: A Review.

Dengue fever is a global disease with a spectrum of clinical manifestation ranging from mild febrile disease to a severe disease in the form of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue virus is one viral hemorrhagic fever that exists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in addition to Alkhurma (Alkhurma) Hemorrhagic Fever, Chikungunya virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and Rift Valley Fever. The disease is limited to the Western and South-western regions of Saudi Arabia, where Aedes aegypti exists.

Family-Centered Care and Positive Developmental Outcomes for Youth With Special Health Care Needs: Variations Across Family Structures.

Drawing on a social determinants of health framework, we evaluated associations between perceived family-centered care (FCC) and positive developmental outcomes for youth with special health care needs across six different family structures (married biological families, cohabiting biological families, married stepfamilies, cohabiting stepfamilies, divorced/separated single-mother families, and never-married single-mother families). Using data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health, we found that married biological families perceive greater FCC than do other family structures. Perceived FCC was positively associated with all three positive youth outcomes evaluated (children's health, participation in extracurricular activities, and flourishing) in married biological families, and two of the three outcomes (children's health and flourishing) in married stepfamilies and divorced/separated single-mother families.

The Limitations and Strengths of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale as a Measure of Correctional Employees' Attitudes: A Psychometric Evaluation.

Evidence-based practices (EBPs) hold tremendous potential for improving the outcomes of corrections interventions. The implementation of EBPs requires support from staff at all levels of an organization; however, the study of correctional staff attitudes toward organizational change and EBPs is in its infancy. The current study examines the psychometric properties of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS), an instrument originally designed for mental health professionals, to measure correctional employees' readiness to implement EBPs.

Life-Space Predicts Health Care Utilization in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: To determine whether decline in life-space mobility predicts increased health care utilization among community-dwelling older adults.

Method: Health care utilization (number of emergency department [ED] visits and hospitalizations) was self-reported during monthly interviews among 419 community-dwelling African American and non-Hispanic White adults aged 75 years and older in The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging II. Life-space was measured using the UAB Life-Space Assessment.

Female condom acceptability in urban India: Examining the role of sexual pleasure.

This qualitative study examined the acceptability of female condoms in urban India, with a focus on sexual pleasure. We conducted focus group discussions with 50 women and 19 men, as well as a small number of individual interviews with women ( n = 3), in Chennai and New Delhi. Perceived benefits of female condoms included protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, increased sense of empowerment for women, and simple clean up.

Infant Reflux in the Primary Care Setting: A Brief Educational Intervention and Management Changes.

There has been a significant increase in prescription of acid suppression therapy to infants despite limited support for efficacy and safety. Prior studies have shown that educational interventions can improve clinician practices. Our aim is to implement an educational module with high-yield evidence to decrease the rate of prescribing these medications.

Competition Level Not Associated With Diet Quality in Marching Artists.

Marching artists are a unique group of athletes whose performance can be influenced by nutrition. Because physical demands are thought to be moderate to high, adequate energy and a variety of nutrient-dense foods are needed. The purpose of this study was to examine diet quality, physical activity, and eating behavior of marching artists across elite and nonelite competition levels.

Parents' Perspectives of Physical Activity in Their Adult Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Social-Ecological Approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate parent perceptions of the physical activity (PA) engagement of their adult children with autism spectrum disorders. The theoretical framework used in this study was social ecology. Participants were nine parents from families with one adult child with autism spectrum disorder whose ages ranged from 18 to 42.

External Auditory Canal Foreign Body Extraction Outcomes.

Objectives: To compare pediatric external auditory canal (EAC) foreign body extraction outcomes by clinical setting and identify factors predictive of successful removal.

Methods: Retrospective review of pediatric patients with EAC foreign bodies to a single institution emergency department (ED) and otolaryngology clinic (OTO) between January 2010 and April 2015. Patient characteristics, foreign body type, removal attempts, instrumentation utilized, and complications were evaluated with respect to clinical setting and patient outcome.

Nutritional Assessment of Snacks and Beverages in Southeastern Virginia Daycare Centers.

This study sought to determine the nutritional quality of snacks and beverages provided at licensed daycare centers of variable sizes in Southeastern Virginia. This cross-sectional study employed self-report surveys about snack offerings administered at each daycare site that agreed to participate. In addition, researchers completed an observation survey on the day of visit to observe and document the food and beverages actually served at snack time.