Assessment of Self-Activation and Inhibition of Wheat Coiled-Coil Domain Containing NLR Immune Receptor Yr10.

Plant immunity is largely governed by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR). Here, we examine the molecular activation and inhibition mechanisms of the wheat CC-type NLR , a previously proposed candidate for the resistance gene. Though recent studies have identified as the true gene, Yr10 remains an important NLR in understanding NLR-mediated immunity in wheat.

Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane with Anisotropic Surface Wettability and Its Application in Oil-Water Separation.

Biological surfaces with physical discontinuity or chemical heterogeneity possess special wettability in the form of anisotropic wetting behavior. However, there are several challenges in designing and manufacturing samples with anisotropic wettability. This study investigates the fabrication of PTFE/PDMS grid membranes using Direct Ink Writing (DIW) 3D printing for oil-water separation applications.

A Piecewise Linearization Based Method for Crossed Frequency Admittance Matrix Model Calculation of Harmonic Sources.

The integration of large-scale power electronic equipment has intensified harmonic issues in power systems. Accurate harmonic models are fundamental for evaluating and mitigating harmonic problems, but existing models still exhibit deficiencies in harmonic mechanism, model complexity and accuracy. This work proposes a calculation method of crossed frequency admittance matrix (CFAM) analytical model based on piecewise linearization, aiming to achieve accurate modeling of phase-controlled power electronic harmonic sources.

Improving the Selectivity of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors for Mustard Gas Simulant 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide by Combining the Laminated Structure and Temperature Dynamic Modulation.

Insufficient selectivity is a major constraint to the further development of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors for chemical warfare agents, and this paper proposed an improved scheme combining catalytic layer/gas-sensitive layer laminated structure with temperature dynamic modulation for the Mustard gas (HD) MOS sensor. Mustard gas simulant 2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) was used as the target gas, (Pt + Pd + Rh)@AlO as the catalytic layer material, (Pt + Rh)@WO as the gas-sensitive layer material, the (Pt + Pd + Rh)@AlO/(Pt + Rh)@WO sensor was prepared, and the sensor was tested for 2-CEES and 12 battlefield environment simulation gases under temperature dynamic modulation. The results showed that the sensor only showed obvious characteristic peaks in the resistance response curves to HD under certain conditions (100-400 °C, the highest temperature was held for 1 s and the lowest temperature was held for 2 s), and its peak height reached 6.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Perspective.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to devastating dysfunctions and complications, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and aggravating the burden of disease. Since the main pathological mechanism of SCI is the disruption of neuronal circuits, the primary therapeutic strategy for SCI involves reconstructing and activating circuits to restore neural signal transmission. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, can modulate the function or state of the nervous system by pulsed magnetic fields.

Quantitative Trait Loci Identification and Candidate Genes Characterization for Indole-3-Carbinol Content in Seedlings of .

is a member of the cruciferous family with rich glucosinolate (GSL) content, particularly glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate, I3M), that can be metabolized into indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with promising anticancer properties. To unravel the genetic mechanism influencing I3C content in rapeseed seedlings, a comprehensive study was undertaken with a doubled haploid (DH) population. By quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, seven QTL that were located on A01, A07, and C04 were identified, with the most significant contribution to phenotypic variation observed on chromosome A07 (11.

Cellular Senescence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immune Microenvironment Insights via Machine Learning and In Vitro Experiments.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading liver tumor globally, is influenced by diverse risk factors. Cellular senescence, marked by permanent cell cycle arrest, plays a crucial role in cancer biology, but its markers and roles in the HCC immune microenvironment remain unclear. Three machine learning methods, namely k nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), are utilized to identify eight key HCC cell senescence markers (HCC-CSMs).

MicroRNA-200c in Cancer Generation, Invasion, and Metastasis.

MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is increasingly recognized as a crucial small RNA molecule that plays a significant and multifaceted role in the complex processes of tumor development, invasion, and metastasis across various types of cancers. Recent studies have compellingly demonstrated that miR-200c exerts its influence on tumor biology by meticulously regulating a range of critical processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell migration, all of which are essential for the progression and aggressiveness of tumors. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the expression characteristics and functional implications of miR-200c across a diverse array of tumor types, delving into its potential utility as both a biomarker for early detection and a therapeutic target in the realm of cancer treatment.

Transcriptomics and Plant Hormone Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Branching Angle Formation in Tea Plants ().

The branching angle of tea plants is a key factor in determining their branching structure, which significantly affects yield, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and overall plant architecture. However, the mechanisms underlying branching angle formation in tea plants remain unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of branching angle formation in tea plants by analysing the transcriptome and plant hormone levels of tea plant cultivars with different branching angles.

Identification of Downregulated Gene in Parkinson's Disease Through Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis and Validation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. Lipid metabolism dysfunction may contribute to PD progression. This study aims to identify lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs) associated with PD using an integrative transcriptomic analysis of microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from patients with PD and healthy controls.

Chronic Pain and Comorbid Emotional Disorders: Neural Circuitry and Neuroimmunity Pathways.

Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only involves persistent nociception but is also frequently accompanied by significant emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which complicate its management and amplify its impact. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of chronic pain and emotional disturbances. Key areas of focus include the dysregulation of major neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate) and the resulting functional remodeling of critical neural circuits implicated in pain processing, emotional regulation, and reward.

The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.

As an incretin hormone, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has obvious effects on blood glucose regulation and weight loss. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are synthetic products that have similar effects to GLP-1 but are less prone to degradation, and they are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent years, different beneficial effects of GLP-1R agonists were discovered, such as reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, improving the function of various organs, alleviating substance use disorder, affecting tumorigenesis, regulating bone metabolism, changing gut microbiota composition, and prolonging graft survival.

Sigma-1 Receptor Modulates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Sodium Channels in Small DRG Neurons.

The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) has emerged as a significant target in the realm of pain management and has been the subject of extensive research. Nonetheless, its specific function in inflammatory pain within dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons remains inadequately elucidated. This study utilized whole-cell patch clamp techniques, single-cell real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry to examine the influence of Sig-1R on inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in a rat model.

The Change of Skeletal Muscle Caused by Inflammation in Obesity as the Key Path to Fibrosis: Thoughts on Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies.

Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state throughout the body, with increased infiltration of immune cells and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle tissue, and, at the same time, the level of intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress rises. Meanwhile, obesity is closely related to the development of skeletal muscle fibrosis and can affect the metabolic function of skeletal muscle, triggering metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether there is a mutual regulatory effect between the two pathological states of inflammation and fibrosis in obese skeletal muscle and the specific molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Intestinal Flora Structure and Plasma Metabolome of Weaned Piglets.

Probiotics and their postbiotics have the potential to improve the health and growth performance of piglets, which has brought them widespread attention in the post-antibiotic era. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 816 healthy male piglets with uniform weight were divided into two treatment groups: piglets in the control (CTR) group were fed with a basic diet, and the ones in the LAC group were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg postbiotics.

Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms of Feed Efficiency in Pigs Through Multi-Omics Analysis of the Jejunum.

Feed efficiency (FE) is a crucial trait in pig production that influences both economic viability and environmental sustainability. The jejunum, an essential organ for nutrient absorption, plays a significant role in determining FE by affecting how pigs process and utilize feed. To explore the genetic and regulatory mechanisms behind FE, we conducted an integrative multi-omics study using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ATAC sequencing (ATAC-seq) on pigs with high and low FE.

Baicalin Mitigates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the p85a Subunit of PI3K.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health concern. Baicalin is one of the major active ingredients of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Huang Qin, which is used to treat patients with chest pain or cardiac discomfort. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of the cardioprotective effect of baicalin are still not fully understood.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Restores NAD Levels to Alleviate LPS-Induced Inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Mice Granulosa Cells.

Inflammation disrupts the normal function of granulosa cells (GCs), which leads to ovarian dysfunction and fertility decline. Inflammatory conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), endometriosis, and age-related ovarian decline are often associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an important precursor of NAD and has gained attention for its potential to modulate cellular metabolism, redox homeostasis, and mitigate inflammation.

When I Receive Too Much Social Support: The Effect of Social Support Overload on Users' Life Burnout and Discontinuance in Fitness Apps.

Background/objectives: As fitness apps increasingly incorporate social interaction features, users may find themselves overwhelmed by an excess of received support, struggling to effectively manage it. Highlighting a novel recipient-centric perspective, we aim to investigate the impact of social support overload on users' life burnout and discontinuance within fitness apps.

Methods: Utilizing Social Support Theory and Basic Psychological Needs Theory, we develop a model to examine how emotional, network, and informational support overload affect life burnout and discontinuance through the frustration of basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

The Impact of Preoperative Risk Factors on Delayed Discharge in Day Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and identify the main preoperative risk factors affecting the timely discharge of day surgery patients, offering evidence to enhance preoperative assessments and minimize delayed discharge.

Background: With the widespread adoption of day surgery in global healthcare systems, ensuring timely discharge of patients post-surgery has become a critical challenge. Numerous studies have explored various preoperative risk factors influencing delayed discharge.

A Novel Konjac Powder with High Compressibility, High Water-Holding Capacity, and High Expansion Force.

The inherent physico-chemical properties of commercial konjac powders often limited their application across various industries. While existing modification techniques had produced konjac powders with diverse physical attributes, these methods were frequently associated with high costs and environmental concerns. Hence, there was a critical need to develop a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and straightforward method for modifying konjac powders.

Maternal exposure to ambient temperature and risk of preterm birth in Chengdu, China, from 2017 to 2020: a cohort study.

Background: Due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of heat waves and other extreme weather events are rapidly increasing. Compared to the general population, pregnant women and fetuses are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of extreme temperatures and are associated with the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB). However, its risk of preterm birth is currently uncertain.

Disrupting of IGF2BP3-stabilized CLDN11 mRNA by TNF-α increases intestinal permeability in obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and is typically associated with increased intestinal permeability. Understanding the role of specific molecules can help reduce the risk of developing SAP. Claudin 11 (CLDN11), a member of the Claudin family, regulates the permeability of various internal barriers.

Interlayer reconstruction phase transition in van der Waals materials.

Van der Waals materials display rich structural polymorphs with distinct physical properties. An atomistic understanding of the phase-transition dynamics, propagation pathway and associated evolution of physical properties is essential for capturing their potential in practical technologies. However, direct visualization of the rapid phase-transition process is fundamentally challenging due to the inherent trade-offs among atomic resolution, field of view and imaging frame rate.

Elevated D-dimer on admission may predict poor prognosis in childhood influenza associated encephalopathy.

To determine the risk factors for poor prognosis of influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE), 56 eligible children with IAE who were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit of Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected for retrospective analysis and grouped according to poor prognosis or not, and independent risk factors for poor prognosis were found by regression analysis. Results showed 26 children (26/30, 46.4%) had a poor prognosis.