In silico (computed) modelling of doses and dosing regimens associated with morphine levels above international legal driving limits.

Background: Morphine can cause central nervous system side effects which impair driving skills. The legal blood morphine concentration limit for driving is 20 µg/L in France/Poland/Netherlands and 80 µg/L in England/Wales. There is no guidance as to the morphine dose leading to this concentration.

Double Jeopardy: Insurance, Animal Harm, and Domestic Violence.

Although the role of companion animals within the dynamic of domestic violence (DV) is increasingly recognized, the overlap of animal harm and insurance discrimination for victims/survivors of DV has not been considered. Prompted by a case study presented in a National Link Coalition LINK-Letter, this research note examines "Pet Insurance" policies available in Australia and whether nonaccidental injury caused by an intimate partner would be covered. We discuss the implications of exclusion criteria for victims/survivors of DV, shelters providing places for animals within a DV dynamic, and, more broadly, for cross- or mandatory-reporting (of animal harm) initiatives.

Comparing Usual Care With a Warfarin Initiation Protocol After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement.

Background: The immediate postoperative warfarin sensitivity for patients receiving heart valve prostheses is increased. Established warfarin initiation protocols may lack clinical applicability, resulting in dosing based on clinical judgment.

Objective: To compare current practice for warfarin initiation with a known warfarin initiation protocol, with doses proportionally reduced to account for the increased postoperative sensitivity.

Intrarater Reliability of Tonometry and Bioimpedance Spectroscopy to Measure Tissue Compressibility and Extracellular Fluid in the Legs of Healthy Young People in Australia and Myanmar.

Background: Measurements of tissue compressibility and extracellular fluid (ECF) are used to monitor progression of lymphedema, a chronic swelling of the subcutaneous tissue. Later stages of lymphedema are characterized by fibrotic induration in the subcutis and hyperkeratosis of the skin. Several devices are available to measure these changes, but previous reliability and validity studies have been conducted primarily on adult women with unilateral arm lymphedema using contralateral limbs as controls.

Salvage Procedures for Distal Radioulnar Joint Complications.

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) allows forearm rotation and load transmission across the wrist. Post-traumatic and degenerative joint disease of DRUJ may cause pain and disability. Deficiency of the soft tissue or bony supports may result in DRUJ instability.

Form or function: Does focusing on body functionality protect women from body dissatisfaction when viewing media images?

We examined whether shifting young women's ( N =322) attention toward functionality components of media-portrayed idealized images would protect against body dissatisfaction. Image type was manipulated via images of models in either an objectified body-as-object form or active body-as-process form; viewing focus was manipulated via questions about the appearance or functionality of the models. Social comparison was examined as a moderator.

Development of a self-treatment approach for patients with COPD and comorbidities: an ongoing learning process.

Background: Patient-initiated action plans are an important component of COPD self-management (SM) interventions. When integrated into SM interventions, these action plans have proven to be effective in reducing exacerbation severity, hospitalisations, and costs and in improving health status in patients with COPD without severe comorbidities. Because of overlap in symptoms, a self-treatment (ST) approach that focuses solely on traditional symptoms of COPD is inadequate for patients with COPD and comorbidities.