Evaluation of relationship between the language development and parental attitudes in children with cochlear implant.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and language development in preschool children with cochlear implants. In addition, the study aimed to examine parental attitudes in relation to socio-demographic and cochlear implant related variables.

Methods: This study is based on the relational survey model.

Salicylic acid mitigates the physiological and biochemistry toxicity of fungicide difenoconazole and reduces its accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Continuous misuse of difenoconazole (DFZ) results in farmland contamination, posing risks to crops and human health. Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to enhance plant resistance and reduce pesticide phytotoxicity and accumulation. However, whether SA effectively reduces DFZ phytotoxicity and accumulation and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Particulate matter, socioeconomic status, and cognitive function among older adults in China.

Background: Both air pollution and low socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with worse cognitive function. The extent to which low SES may compound the adverse effect of air pollution on cognitive function remains unclear.

Methods: 7,087 older adults aged 65 and above were included from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and followed up in 4 waves during 2008-2018.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With HIV.

Background: HIV induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with HIV (WWH). Although psychosocial stress has been implicated in the development of CVD in HIV, its impact on ED in WWH remains unknown.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and HIV interact to contribute to ED in WWH.

Quantification of Albumin and ɣ-Globulin Concentrations by Multivariate Regression Based on Admittance Relaxation Time Distribution (mrARTD).

Albumin and γ-globulin concentrations in subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) have been quantified by multivariate regression based on admittance relaxation time distribution (mraRTD) under the fluctuated background of sodium electrolyte concentration. The mraRTD formulates P = Ac + Ξ (P: peak matrix of distribution function magnitude ɣP and frequency τP, c: concentration matrix of albumin cAlb, γ-globulin Gloc, and sodium electrolyte Nac, A: coefficient matrix of a multivariate regression model, and Ξ: error matrix). The mraRTD is implemented by two processes which are: 1) the training process of A through the maximum likelihood estimation of P and 2) the quantification process of cAlb, Gloc, and Nac through the model prediction.

Impact of Genomic Classifiers on Risk Stratification and Treatment Intensity in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review.

Background: Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations.

Purpose: To summarize the impact of the Decipher, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), and Prolaris GCs on risk stratification and patient-clinician decisions on treatment choice among patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science published from January 2010 to August 2024.

Stroke Rehabilitation: Synopsis of the 2024 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Description: In July 2024, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.

Exploring the Needs and Preferences of Users and Parents to Design a Mobile App to Deliver Mental Health Peer Support to Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study.

Background: Beyond physical health, managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) also encompasses a psychological component, including diabetes distress, that is, the worries, fears, and frustrations associated with meeting self-care demands over the lifetime. While digital health solutions have been increasingly used to address emotional health in diabetes, these technologies may not uniformly meet the unique concerns and technological savvy across all age groups.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the mental health needs of adolescents with T1D, determine their preferred modalities for app-based mental health support, and identify desirable design features for peer-delivered mental health support modeled on an app designed for adults with T1D.

Development of an eHealth Intervention Including Self-Management for Reducing Sedentary Time in the Transition to Retirement: Participatory Design Study.

Background: Having a great amount of sedentary time is common among older adults and increases with age. There is a strong need for tools to reduce sedentary time and promote adherence to reduced sedentary time, for which eHealth interventions have the potential to be useful. Interventions for reducing sedentary time in older adults have been found to be more effective when elements of self-management are included.

Era of Generalist Conversational Artificial Intelligence to Support Public Health Communications.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health communication systems has introduced a transformative approach to public health management, particularly during public health emergencies, capable of reaching billions through familiar digital channels. This paper explores the utility and implications of generalist conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) advanced AI systems trained on extensive datasets to handle a wide range of conversational tasks across various domains with human-like responsiveness. The specific focus is on the application of generalist CAI within messaging services, emphasizing its potential to enhance public health communication.

Using Community Engagement to Create a Telecoaching Intervention to Improve Self-Management in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Qualitative Study.

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for deviating from their daily treatment regimen due to significant time burden, complicated daily therapies, and life stressors. Developing patient-centric, effective, engaging, and practical behavioral interventions is vital to help sustain therapeutically meaningful self-management.

Objective: This study aimed to devise and refine a patient-centered telecoaching intervention to foster self-management in AYA with CF using a combination of intervention development approaches, including an evidence- and theory-based approach (ie, applying existing theories and research evidence for behavior change) and a target population-centered approach (ie, intervention refinement based on the perspectives and actions of those individuals who will use it).

A New Smartphone-Based Cognitive Screening Battery for Multiple Sclerosis (icognition): Validation Study.

Background: Cognitive deterioration is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and requires regular follow-up. Currently, cognitive status is measured in clinical practice using paper-and-pencil tests, which are both time-consuming and costly. Remote monitoring of cognitive status could offer a solution because previous studies on telemedicine tools have proved its feasibility and acceptance among people with MS.

Efficacy and Safety of Sulforaphane Added to Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There are few established treatments for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, which persist in many patients after positive symptoms are reduced. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties and is an HDAC inhibitor.

Efficacy and Safety of BI 1358894 in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Results of a Phase 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Dose-Ranging Trial.

To provide proof-of-concept (PoC), dose-range finding, and safety data for BI 1358894, a TRPC4/5 ion channel inhibitor, in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This was a phase 2, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomized to oral placebo or BI 1358894 (5 mg, 25 mg, 75 mg, or 125 mg) once daily in a 2.

Effects of Intravenous Hydroxyzine Versus Haloperidol Monotherapy for Delirium: A Retrospective Study.

Although antipsychotics are used commonly for delirium, they increase the risk of mortality in elderly patients and those with dementia. As hydroxyzine has sedative and anxiolytic effects, it can be used in the treatment of delirium. We performed a retrospective study to compare the effects of intravenous hydroxyzine and haloperidol monotherapy on delirium.

Registration of deaths in children under five years of age has improved in Mexico, however, the underreporting has not yet been eliminated.

Background: The underreporting of vital statistics poses a problem for the quality of information. To address underreporting, Mexico implemented the "Intentional Search for Children Deaths" in 2002.

Objective: To analyze trends in the underreporting of deaths in neonates and children under 5 years of age (U5) from 1992 to 2022 at the national level and by state.

Knowledge and use of pericranial nerve blocks in headache treatment in Mexico.

Background: In developed countries, most of the neurologists use pericranial nerve blocks to treat headache patients, nevertheless, the knowledge and use patterns of this technique in developing countries are unknown.

Objective: Evaluate the knowledge and use patterns of pericranial nerve blocks in headache treatment by Mexican neurologists.

Material And Methods: We did a cross-sectional study, 90 Mexican neurologists completed a 26-question survey including data about sociodemographics, knowledge and patterns of use of pericranial nerve blocks.

Olanzapine/Samidorphan Effects on Weight Gain: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Phase 2 and 3 Randomized Double-Blind Studies.

To evaluate weight change with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) versus olanzapine by pooling data across clinical studies. This study was an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of clinical trial data. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo were searched for randomized clinical trials (≥12 weeks) in adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in which weight change from baseline was the primary or secondary end point.

Does knowledge impact adherence?: correlation between HIV-infected pregnant women's knowledge of WHO-recommended PMTCT guidelines and their adherence to the PMTCT program in India.

WHO's 2013 PMTCT guidelines recommended lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), nevirapine prophylaxis (NVP) and early infant diagnosis (EID) for HIV-exposed-breastfed infants. We examined the association between knowledge and adherence to these guidelines among 550 HIV-infected pregnant women in Maharashtra, India. Knowledge of PMTCT guidelines was assessed using a structured-questionnaire during enrollment.

Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics on the Gut Microbiome, Gut Environment, Growth Parameters, and Safety and Tolerance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Prebiotics are often added to infant formulas to mimic the benefits of oligosaccharides found in human milk.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of prebiotic-supplemented cow's milk-based formula on the gut microbiota, gut environment, growth parameters, and safety and tolerance in infants ≤6 months old, compared with a standard formula or human milk comparator.

Data Sources: Searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases.

Increasing incidence of is driven by people living with HIV and PrEP users.

Background: (MG) is responsible for non-gonococcal urethritis. Our aim is to describe MG positivity rate and incidence in specific populations.

Methods: Retrospective, surveillance study included all samples collected from 2018 to 2022.

Unloader brace or high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of the young patient with medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Purpose:  For medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), operative and nonoperative treatment options are available. Two widely applied unloading therapies are a valgus unloader brace and a high tibial osteotomy (HTO). We aimed to compare the effects of a valgus unloader knee brace with an HTO on knee pain after 1 year in patients with symptomatic medial knee OA.

Mortality and reoperations following treatment of acetabular fractures in patients ≥ 70 years: a retrospective cohort study of 247 patients.

Background And Purpose:  Evidence for long-term outcomes following acetabular fractures in older adults is limited. We aimed to evaluate mortality, complications, and need for subsequent surgical procedures in operatively and nonoperatively treated older patients with acetabular fractures.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 70 years with acetabular fractures treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2010 and 2020 were included.