Trends in successfully matched neurosurgery residency applicants.

Objective: The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 recently transitioned to a pass/fail outcome, renewing interest in how programs select neurosurgical residents. This study investigates the association between match status and key academic metrics over time.

Methods: Data are from the National Resident Matching Program from 2009 to 2022 for matched and unmatched US allopathic (MD) seniors.

Influence of Genetic Polymorphism on the Steady-State Concentration of Escitalopram in Patients with Recurrent Depressive Disorder.

Introduction: Escitalopram is commonly prescribed to patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Some of them do not show adequate response to treatment with escitalopram, while many of them experience adverse drug reactions.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of -806C>T polymorphism of CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*17) on the concentration/dose ratio of escitalopram in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.

Surgeon education through a surgical cost feedback system reduces supply cost in endoscopic skull base surgery.

Objective: A large proportion of healthcare expense is operating room (OR) costs. As a means of cost mitigation, several institutions have implemented surgeon education programs to bring awareness about supply costs. This study evaluates the impact of a surgical cost feedback system (surgical receipt) on the supply costs of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) procedures.

What should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder?

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is currently defined in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as an impulse control disorder. Criteria for hypersexual disorder (HD) had been proposed in 2010 for the fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). In this article, we compare differences between HD and CSBD and discuss their relevance.

Social and Environmental Determinants of Community-Acquired Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Children Living in Semirural Communities of Quito, Ecuador.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), a family of bacteria that includes Escherichia coli, have emerged as a global health threat. This study examined risks associated with carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli, including ESBL-producing, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains in children living in semirural parishes of Quito, Ecuador.

Mobilizing a COVID-19 Contact Tracing Workforce at Warp Speed: A Framework for Successful Program Implementation.

To effectively control the spread of COVID-19, it is essential that all jurisdictions have the capacity to rapidly contact trace all close contacts of each and every case. We describe the early experience in the City and County of San Francisco, where contact tracing capability was rapidly expanded to respond to COVID-19. Important prerequisites to scale up included rapid expansion of the COVID-19 contact tracing workforce, a comprehensive training and onboarding program, and the institution of effective performance management metrics.

Use of 18F-FDG PET/CT as an Initial Staging Procedure for Stage II-III Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Value Analysis.

Background: Metastatic staging imaging is not recommended for asymptomatic patients with stage I-II breast cancer. Greater distant metastatic disease risk may warrant baseline imaging in patients with stage II-III with high-risk biologic subtypes. NCCN Guidelines recommend considering CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CT CAP) and bone scan in appropriate patients.

Aggregating multiple real-world data sources using a patient-centered health-data-sharing platform.

Real-world data sources, including electronic health records (EHRs) and personal digital device data, are increasingly available, but are often siloed and cannot be easily integrated for clinical, research, or regulatory purposes. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 60 patients undergoing bariatric surgery or catheter-based atrial fibrillation ablation at two U.S.

Leveraging implementation science to reduce inequities in Children's mental health care: highlights from a multidisciplinary international colloquium.

Background And Purpose: Access to evidence-based mental health care for children is an international priority. However, there are significant challenges to advancing this public health priority in an efficient and equitable manner. The purpose of this international colloquium was to convene a multidisciplinary group of health researchers to build an agenda for addressing disparities in mental health care access and treatment for children and families through collaboration among scholars from the United States and Europe engaged in innovative implementation science and mental health services research.

Automated formal synthesis of provably safe digital controllers for continuous plants.

We present a sound and automated approach to synthesizing safe, digital controllers for physical plants represented as time-invariant models. Models are linear differential equations with inputs, evolving over a continuous state space. The synthesis precisely accounts for the effects of finite-precision arithmetic introduced by the controller.

Long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous C1-inhibitor in women with hereditary angioedema: subgroup analysis from an open-label extension of a phase 3 trial.

Background: Women with hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) experience more frequent and severe angioedema attacks compared with men. Fluctuations in female sex hormones can influence HAE attack frequency and severity. Subcutaneous C1-INH (C1-INH [SC]) is indicated as routine prophylaxis to prevent HAE attacks.

Management of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice: Real-World Answers to Difficult Questions.

Management of urothelial bladder cancer has historically been challenging as a result of a limited grasp of disease biology and few available systemic therapy options, mainly consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy. Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer as well as their correlation with tumor behavior and response to treatment has emerged over the past few years. Remarkable therapeutic advances have been made with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, which have changed the course of this disease.

overexpresses a wound-inducible enzyme, , that affects jasmonate catabolism, sex determination, and plant architecture in maize.

Maize is monecious, with separate male and female inflorescences. Maize flowers are initially bisexual but achieve separate sexual identities through organ arrest. Loss-of-function mutants in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway have only female flowers due to failure to abort silks in the tassel.

Purchasing patterns in low-income neighbourhoods: implications for studying sugar-sweetened beverage taxes.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the store types from which people in low-income neighbourhoods purchase most sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and to identify associations between purchasing location and demographic characteristics.

Design: Street-intercept surveys of passers-by near high foot-traffic intersections in 2016. Participants completed a beverage frequency questionnaire and identified the type of store (e.

Where the plasmids roam: large-scale sequence analysis reveals plasmids with large host ranges.

Describing the role of plasmids and their contribution to the exchange of genetic material among bacteria is essential for understanding the fields of plasmid epidemiology, microbial ecology, and commercial and synthetic microbiology. Broad-host-range (BHR) plasmids are those that are found not only in a single bacterial species, but in members of different taxonomic groups and are of significant interest to researchers in many fields. We applied a novel approach to computationally identify new BHR plasmids, in which we searched for highly similar cognate plasmids within a comprehensive plasmid database.

Foreign connections and the difference they make: how migrant ties influence political interest and attitudes in Mexico.

Beyond the economic and social effects of international migration researchers show regular exchanges between immigrants and stay-at-homes produce political spillovers in sending countries. As a broad body of literature demonstrates, most migrants maintain at least some form of contact with key connections back home, whether through long-distance communication, remittance sending, or in person visits. We investigate if exposure to international migration affects non-migrant citizens political interest, awareness, and attitudes about the efficacy of elections using longitudinal survey data from the Mexico 2006 Panel Study.

Needs Assessment for Simulation Training for Prehospital Providers in Botswana.

Background: In June 2012, the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW; Gaborone, Botswana) initiated a national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in response to significant morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital emergencies. The MOHW requested external expertise to train its developing workforce. Simulation-based training was planned to equip these health care providers with clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and communication techniques.

Cultural evolution in adaptive management of grassroots activism in BC, Canada.

This paper demonstrates how implicit cultural evolution theory (CE) is used in adaptive management of grassroots campaigns of resistance against environmentally destructive industry and government to facilitate sustainable outcomes. For an action to be sustainable, it must be stable against political pressures. By bringing attention to the effects of social transmission-recruitment to a cause, learning across campaigns, and the transmission or cultivation of solidarity sentiments-cultural evolution presents a framework for tracking social dynamics essential for the sustainability of resistance projects.

Safety and outcomes of resection of butterfly glioblastoma.

OBJECTIVE Butterfly glioblastoma (bGBM) is a rare type of GBM, characterized by a butterfly pattern on MRI studies because of its bihemispheric involvement and invasion of the corpus callosum (CC). There is a profound gap in the knowledge regarding the optimal treatment approach as well as the safety and survival benefits of resection in treating this aggressive brain tumor. In this retrospective study, authors add to our understanding of these tumors by identifying the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with bGBM.

Relativity in Hearing and Stimulus Discrimination.

What does it mean to hear a sound? What does it mean to perceive anything? Sound has no objective reality, such as "vibration." Of two people together, one may hear a sound and one may not. We know only that their actions-their judgments-differ.