CompSafeNano project: NanoInformatics approaches for safe-by-design nanomaterials.

The CompSafeNano project, a Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) project funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 program, aims to advance the safety and innovation potential of nanomaterials (NMs) by integrating cutting-edge nanoinformatics, computational modelling, and predictive toxicology to enable design of safer NMs at the earliest stage of materials development. The project leverages Safe-by-Design (SbD) principles to ensure the development of inherently safer NMs, enhancing both regulatory compliance and international collaboration. By building on established nanoinformatics frameworks, such as those developed in the H2020-funded projects NanoSolveIT and NanoCommons, CompSafeNano addresses critical challenges in nanosafety through development and integration of innovative methodologies, including advanced models, approaches including machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive models and 1st-principles computational modelling of NMs properties, interactions and effects on living systems.

Biochemical mechanisms and molecular interactions of vitamins in cancer therapy.

Recently, the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention. However, the reported findings are inconsistent, with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interactions of different vitamins in various cancer cells. Importantly, the presence of vitamin receptors in tumor cells suggests that vitamins play a significant role in the molecular and biochemical interactions in cancers.

Coracoid osteotomy approach for open free bone grafting of anterior glenoid defects.

The utilization of free bone grafts to reconstruct large anterior glenoid defects has increased. Distal tibia allograft is commonly used due to its lack of donor site morbidity, ability to restore large bony defects, and near anatomic osteoarticular restoration. However, the intact coracoid and conjoint tendon often impair adequate visualization and access to perform an anatomic reconstruction during open free bone graft reconstruction and often requires violation of the subscapularis tendon to gain exposure.

Current trends in shoulder arthroplasty - Are the trends backed by evidence?

Shoulder arthroplasty is the third most common joint replacement performed worldwide and remains a rapidly innovative area for improvement in patient care. This article explores the evidence surrounding current trends aiming to improve patient outcome in all forms of shoulder arthroplasty.

National Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Visit in United State Emergency Departments and Associated Costs (2006-2018).

Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses substantial morbidity and mortality risks, necessitating timely and accurate management in emergency departments (EDs). This study explores the trends in PE presentations to US EDs from 2006 to 2018 and assesses the impact of different factors on management and cost. This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted using the US Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) PE ED visits database.

Geochemical signatures and nanomechanical properties of echinoid tests from nearshore habitats of Florida: environmental and physiological controls on echinoid biomineralization.

The mechanisms that regulate minor and trace element biomineralization in the echinoid skeleton can be primarily controlled biologically (, by the organism and its vital effects) or by extrinsic environmental factors. Assessing the relative role of those controls is essential for understanding echinoid biomineralization, taphonomy, diagenesis, and their potential as geochemical archives. In this study, we (1) contrast geochemical signatures of specimens collected across multiple taxa and environmental settings to assess the effects of environmental and physiological factors on skeletal biomineralogy; and (2) analyze the nanomechanical properties of the echinoid skeleton to assess potential linkages between magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios and skeletal nanohardness.

Association between alcohol consumption and sleep difficulty in a nationwide Korean survey.

Background: The data on the association between alcohol intake and sleep quality in a community-based setting are lacking. This study examined overall sleep difficulty according to alcohol habits among Korean adults.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 4937 adults who responded to questions about sleep difficulty and drinking habits from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

WildPose: A long-range 3D wildlife motion capture system.

Understanding and monitoring wildlife behavior is crucial in ecology and biomechanics, yet challenging due to the limitations of current methods. To address this issue, we introduce WildPose, a novel long-range motion capture system specifically tailored for free-ranging wildlife observation. This system combines an electronically controllable zoom-lens camera with a LiDAR to capture both 2D videos and 3D point cloud data, thereby allowing researchers to observe high-fidelity animal morphometrics, behavior and interactions in a completely remote manner.

Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients Receiving Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Real-world data on the variceal bleeding (VB) risk in patients receiving atezolizumab-bevacizumab (Atezo-Bev) treatment remain limited. This study aimed to assess the risk of VB and identify risk factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving Atezo-Bev treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included 640 patients with HCC who underwent endoscopy before Atezo-Bev treatment at two hospitals in Korea.

Meeting Parents' Health Literacy Needs-Designing and Feasibility Testing of a Three-Step Intervention in the Childhood Epilepsy Context.

Aims: (1) To codesign a health literacy intervention within a specialist healthcare setting to help the parents of children with epilepsy access, comprehend, use and communicate information and (2) to assess the intervention's feasibility by exploring stakeholders' perspectives on its usefulness, ease of use of trial methods and contextual factors impacting its execution.

Design: A codesign participatory approach followed by a feasibility approach inspired by the OPtimising HEalth LIteracy and Access to Health Services (Ophelia) process for health literacy intervention development.

Methods: (1) The codesign approach included workshops with (a) multidisciplinary personnel (n = 9) and (b) parents (n = 12), along with (c) an interview with one regional epilepsy specialist nurse (n = 1).

Stereoelectroencephalographic exploration and surgical outcome in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Objective: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is typically characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy and subsequent cognitive deterioration. Surgery is a rare but viable option for the control of seizures in a subset of patients with LGS. This study aimed to describe the organization of the epileptogenic zone network (EZN) in patients with LGS using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and to report the outcome of post-SEEG treatment.

A new method for detecting mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and reconstructing constituent strains provides insights into transmission.

Background: Mixed infection with multiple strains of the same pathogen in a single host can present clinical and analytical challenges. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data can identify signals of multiple strains in samples, though the precision of previous methods can be improved. Here, we present MixInfect2, a new tool to accurately detect mixed samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis short-read WGS data.

A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances of theranostic liposome hybrid nanoparticles in cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Theranostics is a way of treating illness that blends medicine with testing. Specific characteristics should be present in the best theranostic agents for cancer: (1) the drugs should be safe and non-toxic; (2) they should be able to treat cancer selectively; and (3) they should be able to build up only in the cancerous tissue. Liposomes (LPs) are one of the most efficient drug delivery methods based on nanotechnology.

Breastfeeding with primary low milk supply: a phenomenological exploration of mothers' lived experiences of postnatal breastfeeding support.

Background: Most women can produce enough milk to exclusively breastfeed. However, a small cohort are prevented from doing so due to a condition known as primary low milk supply. The aim of the study was to provide new insights into how mothers with this condition experience help and support from professionals, volunteer support groups, and partners.

Why should we strive to let them thrive? Exploring the links between homecare professionals thriving at work, employee ambidexterity, and innovative behavior.

Background: The concept of thriving at work (TAW) has received increased interest within health services research in recent years. TAW embraces employees' experience of being energized and feeling alive when employed in an organization. However, previous research has been limited mainly to the investigation of factors that promote TAW.

Integrating E-cadherin expression levels with TNM staging for enhanced prognostic prediction in colorectal cancer patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of E-cadherin expression levels in colorectal cancer tissues and explore the relationship between E-cadherin expression and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. The goal was to establish a more accurate prognostic prediction for colorectal cancer patients by analyzing E-cadherin expression levels alongside TNM staging.

Methods: The study examined colorectal cancer patients by dividing them into groups based on E-cadherin expression levels.

Bridging Classrooms and Communities: The Transformative Impact of Community-Based Dental Education on the Learning Experiences of Undergraduate Students.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of community-based dental education (CBDE) on the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students and recent dental graduates from two diverse geographical regions.

Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design, conducted online using Google Forms, with ethical approval from Qatar University. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to recruit dental students and recent graduates from three institutions in India and one in Qatar.

Preserved brain youthfulness: longitudinal evidence of slower brain aging in superagers.

Background: Superagers, older adults with exceptional cognitive abilities, show preserved brain structure compared to typical older adults. We investigated whether superagers have biologically younger brains based on their structural integrity.

Methods: A cohort of 153 older adults (aged 61-93) was recruited, with 63 classified as superagers based on superior episodic memory and 90 as typical older adults, of whom 64 were followed up after two years.

Class-Wise Combination of Mixture-Based Data Augmentation for Class Imbalance Learning of Focal Liver Lesions in Abdominal CT Images.

In this paper, we propose a method to address the class imbalance learning in the classification of focal liver lesions (FLLs) from abdominal CT images. Class imbalance is a significant challenge in medical image analysis, making it difficult for machine learning models to learn to classify them accurately. To overcome this, we propose a class-wise combination of mixture-based data augmentation (CCDA) method that uses two mixture-based data augmentation techniques, MixUp and AugMix.

Influence of local (air temperature) and wide-scale (North Atlantic Oscillation) climate indices on the first arrival dates of the Common Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) at breeding site in SE Poland.

In this study, a relationship between climate indices (local - air temperatures, and wide-scale - North Atlantic Oscillation) and first arrival dates (FAD) of a short-distant migratory bird, the Common Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) at a breeding site in SE Poland (Lublin) was investigated. Temporal patterns of FAD on a multi-year scale (20 years within 39 years between 1982 and 2020) were also studied. Additionally, correlations between mean air temperature at Lublin and sites along the spring migration route with various distances from the breeding site and various time lags were searched for.

International myeloma working group immunotherapy committee recommendation on sequencing immunotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.

T-cell redirecting therapy (TCRT), specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). There are several products available around the world and several more in development targeting primarily B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GRPC5D). The relatively rapid availability of multiple immunotherapies brings the necessity to understand how a certain agent may affect the safety and efficacy of a subsequent immunotherapy so MM physicians and patients can aim at optimal sequential use of these therapies.

Plasma membrane-associated ARAF condensates fuel RAS-related cancer drug resistance.

RAF protein kinases are major RAS effectors that function by phosphorylating MEK. Although all three RAF isoforms share a conserved RAS binding domain and bind to GTP-loaded RAS, only ARAF uniquely enhances RAS activity. Here we uncovered the molecular basis of ARAF in regulating RAS activation.

Gut-brain axis and neuropsychiatric health: recent advances.

The gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway, permits the central nervous system (CNS) to exert influence over gastrointestinal function in response to stress, while the gut microbiota regulates the CNS via immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. Current research highlights the importance of the gut microbiota in stress-related disorders and the need for further research into the mechanisms of gut–brain communication, with potential therapeutic implications for a wide range of health conditions. This is a challenge taken on in this Collection on the Gut-Brain Axis.