Magnetic resonance imaging-derived relative cerebral blood volume characteristics in a case of pathologically confirmed neurocysticercosis: illustrative case.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the brain caused by ingesting water or food contaminated with tapeworm eggs. When it presents as a solitary mass, differentiation from a primary brain tumor on imaging can be difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is a newer imaging technique used to identify areas of neovascularization in tumors, which may advance the differential diagnosis.

Endoscopic endonasal resection of a primary intraosseous clival myxoma: illustrative case.

Background: An intraosseous myxoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor that penetrates the bone. The occurrence of an intraosseous myxoma in the clivus is a unique presentation of the disease.

Observations: The authors discuss the case of a 15-year-old male with a new diagnosis of a primary clival intraosseous myxoma presenting with cranial nerve VI palsy.

Dispatcher CPR Instructions Across the Age Continuum.

Background: Survival rates following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) increase two to three times when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is started by bystanders, as compared to starting CPR when Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives. Municipalities that have implemented dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR programs have seen increased rates of bystander CPR. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions are given for victims of all ages, but it is unknown if offering instructions results in similar rates of EMS-documented bystander CPR across the age continuum in these municipalities.

Prospective, Head-to-Head Study of Three Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Tools Part 2: Utility for Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Emergency Department Patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of three computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (CNTs; i.e., ANAM, DANA, and ImPACT) for assessing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in patients recruited through a level I trauma center emergency department (ED).

Factors Associated With Continuous Low-Dose Heparin Infusion for Central Venous Catheter Patency in Critically Ill Children Worldwide.

Objectives: To identify patient, hospital, and central venous catheter factors that may influence the use of low-dose heparin infusion for central venous catheter patency in critically ill children.

Design: Secondary analysis of an international multicenter observational study.

Setting: Fifty-nine PICUs over four study dates in 2012, involving seven countries.

Shoulder symptoms and function in geriatric patients.

Background And Purpose: Musculoskeletal problems, including shoulder pain, are common in the general population and are often cited as reasons for physician visits. Although many risk factors for shoulder pain are postulated, the effects of shoulder pain on functional level and perceived quality of life are poorly characterized in older adults. In this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and impact of shoulder symptoms and dysfunction in an older adult veteran population.

Ruptured mycobacterial aneurysm of the carotid artery.

Mycotic aneurysms resulting from intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment are exceptionally rare. We report on the case of a 73-year-old man who underwent intravesical therapy of BCG for bladder carcinoma and developed a right neck mass. A carotid pseudoaneurysm within a fibrotic mass was noted on surgical exploration.

Variability in the management of superficial venous thrombophlebitis among phlebologists and vascular surgeons.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare management patterns of patients with superficial venous thrombophlebitis (SVT) among phlebologists and vascular surgeons.

Methods: A survey was provided to practitioners who attended the American Venous Forum meeting in 2011. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, unpaired t tests, and Friedman's test for correlation.

Treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome.

Objective: The primary aim was to determine if iron supplementation effectively treats children with restless legs syndrome (RLS), the time to improvement or resolution of symptoms, and patient characteristics (family history of RLS, secondary sleep disorders, medical diagnoses, and/or mental health diagnoses) that may affect outcome. METHODS.: This was a retrospective chart review of children between 5 and 18 years old who were diagnosed with RLS at the pediatric sleep disorders clinic at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Text messaging for sexual communication and safety among African American young adults.

African American young adults are at high risk of HIV infection during their lifetimes, and the male condom remains the best method of prevention. Efforts to increase condom use should address the barrier of condom negotiation. We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative, semistructured interviews with African American young adults to examine their use of text messaging for requesting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and condom use within the larger context of general sexual communication using text messages.

Modeling anesthetic developmental neurotoxicity using human stem cells.

Mounting preclinical evidence in rodents and nonhuman primates has demonstrated that prolonged exposure of developing animals to general anesthetics can induce widespread neuronal cell death followed by long-term memory and learning disabilities. In vitro experimental evidence from cultured neonatal animal neurons confirmed the in vivo findings. However, there is no direct clinical evidence of the detrimental effects of anesthetics in human fetuses, infants, or children.

Asymptomatic 50% to 75% internal carotid artery stenosis in 288 patients: risk factors for disease progression and ipsilateral neurological symptoms.

Introduction: This study identified characteristics of patients with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis that are at increased risk for disease progression.

Methods: Patients with asymptomatic moderate internal carotid disease correlating to 50% to 75% diameter reduction were followed for 3 years. Progression to greater than 75% diameter reduction or presentation with focal neurological symptoms was documented.