Physical activity interventions: an update on advancing sedentary time, technology, and dissemination and implementation research.

Approximately 28% of American adults meet both the physical activity (PA) and strength training guidelines despite the numerous health benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the 2017 Society of Behavioral Medicine PA Special Interest Group article that outlined future directions in sedentary time reduction interventions, technology-based PA interventions, and the dissemination and implementation of PA interventions. Since the prior review, there has been significant progress on effective interventions for reducing sedentary time.

Robot-aided assessment and associated brain lesions of impaired ankle proprioception in chronic stroke.

Background: Impaired ankle proprioception strongly predicts balance dysfunction in chronic stroke. However, only sparse data on ankle position sense and no systematic data on ankle motion sense dysfunction in stroke are available. Moreover, the lesion sites underlying impaired ankle proprioception have not been comprehensively delineated.

The co-creation, initial piloting, and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a coach-led positive body image intervention for girls in sport.

Background: Globally, girls disengage from sports at an earlier age and higher rate than boys. This is, in part, due to the unique body image challenges that girls face, relative to their male peers. Existing intervention efforts that aim to reduce girls' negative body image and movement experiences have proven marginally effective, if not ineffective.

A six-country study of coaches' perspectives of girls' body image concerns in sport and intervention preferences: Template analysis of survey and focus group data.

Coaches are a key influence of athletes' body image, but often feel ill-equipped to address body image concerns and can perpetuate harmful body ideals. Limited research has investigated coaches' attitudes and beliefs and few effective resources are available. The current study explored coaches' perspectives of body image among girls in sport, as well as their preferences for body image interventions.

How can we help you? A global investigation into girls' body image experiences in sport and intervention preferences.

Existing interventions that target the intersection of girls' body image and sports participation are marginally effective, which is, in part, due to methodological limitations pertaining to intervention development (i.e., not theoretically or stakeholder informed).

Development and preliminary validation of the Coach Self-Efficacy Body Image Scale (CSEBIS).

Body image concerns are a commonly cited reason for sport drop out. Researchers have begun to explore the influence of coaches on athletes' body image. However, no measure exists to accurately and easily assess interventions or predict coaches' body image supportive behaviors.

Aging alters acetylation status in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

During aging, organs such as skeletal muscle and heart require sufficient NAD both as a coenzyme for oxidative-reductive electron transfer and as a substrate for multiple signaling pathways. Sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of NAD-dependent deacetylase, play an important role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and antioxidant defense by deacetylating transcription factors and enzymes such as PGC-1α, p65, GCN5, and SOD2. However, age-related DNA damage and increased SASP activate PARP-1 and CD38, the enzymes competing with SIRTs for NAD.

Assessing the Effects of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Behavior Change Strategies on Physical Activity in Older Adults: a Factorial Experiment.

Background: Little is known about which behavior change strategies motivate older adults to increase their physical activity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effects of two sets of behavior change strategies to motivate increased physical activity among older adults: interpersonal and intrapersonal.

Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 102, mean age = 79) were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to receive interpersonal (e.

Future directions in physical activity intervention research: expanding our focus to sedentary behaviors, technology, and dissemination.

Despite the increased health risks of a sedentary lifestyle, only 49 % of American adults participate in physical activity (PA) at the recommended levels. In an effort to move the PA field forward, we briefly review three emerging areas of PA intervention research. First, new intervention research has focused on not only increasing PA but also on decreasing sedentary behavior.

In adult twins, visceral fat accumulation depends more on exceeding sex-specific adiposity thresholds than on genetics.

Objective: We recently reported sex-specific percent body fat (%BF) thresholds (males=23%, females=38%) above which, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly increases. Using monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, we examined the influence of genetics on regional fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, above and below these sex-specific thresholds for VAT accumulation.

Methods: Fifty-eight twin pairs (44 MZ, 14 DZ) were recruited from the University of Washington Twin Registry.

Bone strength is preserved following bariatric surgery.

Background: There is an increasing concern that bariatric surgery results in excessive bone loss as demonstrated by studies that use areal bone mineral density (aBMD) outcomes by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Thus, we explored the effect of bariatric surgery on bone mechanical strength.

Methods: Bone strength and body composition outcomes were measured in 21 adults (age 45.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in individuals with psoriasis in the general population.

There is a dearth of data assessing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) status in psoriasis. This population-based study in the United States evaluated 25(OH)D status in psoriasis and examined the associations between 25(OH)D and psoriasis severity. The 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed.

Examining the link between bariatric surgery, bone loss, and osteoporosis: a review of bone density studies.

As the popularity of bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity has risen, so has a concern of increased skeletal fragility secondary to accelerated bone loss following bariatric procedures. We reviewed cross-sectional and prospective literature reporting bone density outcomes following bariatric surgical treatment for morbid obesity. Prospective research provides evidence of hip and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) reductions primarily in women despite calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Cost Analysis of Internet vs. Print Interventions for Physical Activity Promotion.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the costs associated with Internet and print-based physical activity interventions. METHOD: The costs associated with delivering tailored print and Internet-based interventions were estimated from a randomized controlled physical activity trial (n=167). The estimates were based on research assistant time sampling surveys, web development invoices, and other tracking procedures.

Does the built environment relate to the metabolic syndrome in adolescents?

This article examines the influence of the neighborhood environment on blood profiles, percent body fat, blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. One hundred and eighty-eight adolescents (10-16 yr) agreed to have a fasting blood sample drawn in addition to measures of weight, height, percent fat, and blood pressure. A MetS cluster score was derived by calculating the sum of the sample-specific z-scores from the percent body fat, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (negative), triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure.

Length perception by dynamic touch: the effects of aging and experience.

Two experiments investigated the effects of age and experience on length perception. A total of 46 participants were asked to wield and estimate the length of unseen rods by adjusting a movable board to equal their estimate of the reachable distance of the rod. The results demonstrated that (a) participants used the haptic subsystem of dynamic touch to perceive dissimilarities in object length and (b) experience playing racquet sports was more influential than the effect of age in perceptual judgments regarding object length.

Motion sickness preceded by unstable displacements of the center of pressure.

We exposed standing participants to optic flow in a moving room. Motion sickness was induced by motion that simulated the amplitude and frequency of standing sway. We identified instabilities in displacements of the center of pressure among participants who became sick; these instabilities occurred before the onset of subjective motion sickness symptoms.

A content analysis of health and physical activity messages marketed to African American children during after-school television programming.

Objective: To examine the number of food advertisements African American children are exposed to during children's television programming aired on predominantly African American and general television stations.

Design: A content analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the health-related content (HRC) and physical activity-related content (PARC) of food advertisements shown during children's television programming.

Setting: Three sets of television advertisements from 3 stations (Black Entertainment Television, The WB [Warner Bros], and Disney Channel) served as the sample during a 1-week period in July 2005 (July 11-15), from 3 pm to 9 pm.