Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to predict drug concentrations and intraocular pressure lowering effect for a bimatoprost six-month slow-release system.

Introduction: Ophthalmic drug product development and dosing regimen selection depend on animal eye drug concentration-effect relationships since human eye tissues cannot be sampled for drug quantification. This study hypothesized that a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) mathematical model developed based on dog studies can be applied to the human eye of different ages, based on physiological parameter adjustment, to predict drug concentrations and effects in response to a new 6-month slow-release, intracameral, intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, anti-glaucoma bimatoprost implant.

Methods: Using previously reported dog concentration-effect relationship data at various doses, and the physiological parameters of dog eye, a PK-PD model was designed to predict dog aqueous humor drug concentrations and IOP lowering effects simultaneously for a given dose.

Selective Immunoreactivity for WT1 Carboxy-Terminus Distinguishes Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor From its Histologic Mimics.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive pediatric round cell sarcoma containing a characteristic gene fusion. In the absence of genetic data, distinguishing DSRCT from other small round cell tumors of childhood can be problematic due to overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features. We studied the utility of immunohistochemistry with antibodies targeting both the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions of the Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) protein in differentiating these groups of tumors.

Infection with antiretroviral-susceptible HIV in an individual adherent to pre-exposure prophylaxis: strategies for treatment initiation.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing sexual acquisition of HIV, and failures in clinical trials are largely attributable to medication nonadherence. We report here a case of infection with a fully susceptible strain of HIV in an individual adherent to PrEP as demonstrated by pharmacy records and intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels. At diagnosis, the viral load was 90 copies/mL precluding initial genotype testing due to low copy number.

Deep Learning and Multivariable Models Select EVAR Patients for Short-Stay Discharge.

Objectives: We sought to develop a prediction score with data from the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) EVAR in efforts to assist endovascular specialists in deciding whether or not a patient is appropriate for short-stay discharge.

Background: Small series describe short-stay discharge following elective EVAR. Our study aims to quantify characteristics associated with this decision.

Cytokine Levels and Symptoms Among Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Considering the Role of Hormonal Contraceptive Use.

Background: Young to middle-aged women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immune dysfunction may be present in IBS, however, few studies have tested whether hormonal contraceptive use is linked to inflammatory markers. The purpose of this study was to compare cytokine levels between women (ages 18-45) with and without IBS and with and without hormonal contraceptive use and to examine the relationships of cytokine levels to IBS gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms within those using and not using hormonal contraceptives.

Associations of day of week and time of day of ICU admission with hospital mortality in Malawi.

This prospective cohort study evaluated the associations of day and time of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with hospital mortality at a referral hospital in Malawi, a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients admitted to the ICU during the day (08:00-16:00) were compared to those admitted at night (16:01-07:59); patients admitted on weekdays (Monday-Friday) were compared to admissions on weekends/holidays. The primary outcome was hospital mortality.

Linking School Nurses With Health Care Systems Using EHRs: An Integrative Review.

School-aged children spend around 1,080 hr at school each year and many of them have chronic diseases; therefore, it is imperative to include school nurses as part of the health care team. Care coordination between health care providers and school nurses is currently hindered by communication that relies on an inadequate system of fax, phone, and traditional mail. Using electronic health records (EHRs) to link school nurses and health care systems is usually limited in scope despite EHRs advancement in these health care systems.