209 results match your criteria: "1815 N University St[Affiliation]"

Characterization and properties of starch-dicarboxylic acid inclusion complexes prepared by excess steam jet cooking.

Carbohydr Polym

November 2022

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Food Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.

A series of dicarboxylic-amylose inclusion complexes (AIC) were prepared by excess steam jet-cooking high amylose corn starch with linear C10, C12, C14, and C16 dicarboxylic acids to examine the influence of two polar head groups on complex formation. The C12, C14, and C16 dicarboxylic acid AIC were prepared in 48-63 % yields and contained 8.9-11.

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Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the Species Complex.

Pathogens

July 2022

Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.

The species complex (FFSC) includes socioeconomically important pathogens that cause disease for numerous crops and synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites that can contaminate feedstocks and food. Here, we used comparative genomics to elucidate processes underlying the ability of pine-associated and grass-associated FFSC species to colonize tissues of their respective plant hosts. We characterized the identity, possible functions, evolutionary origins, and chromosomal positions of the host-range-associated genes encoded by the two groups of fungi.

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Antibacterial Property and Metagenomic Analysis of Milk Kefir.

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins

December 2022

Agricultural Research Service, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.

Milk kefir fermentation has been used in households for generations. Consumption of milk kefir has been associated with various health benefits, presumably from the probiotics of yeast and bacteria that make up the kefir grains. In addition, many of the microbes are known to produce novel antimicrobial compounds that can be used for other applications.

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This study was conducted to elucidate evolutionary relationships and species diversity within the species complex (FBSC). We also evaluate the potential of these species to produce mycotoxins and other bioactive secondary metabolites. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of sequences from portions of four marker loci (ITS rDNA, , and ) and the combined 4495 bp data set support recognition of seven genealogically exclusive species within the FBSC.

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Genus-wide analysis of Fusarium polyketide synthases reveals broad chemical potential.

Fungal Genet Biol

May 2022

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • - The genus Fusarium includes fungi that are important for animal and plant health, producing natural products that can contribute to diseases such as cancer and neural tube defects.
  • - Researchers analyzed 2974 PKS gene sequences from 206 Fusarium species and identified 123 clades of polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are essential for synthesizing natural products in these fungi.
  • - The study predicts that these clades could collectively produce 113 distinct families of natural products, including some that may have pharmaceutical applications, such as chaetoviridin and a statin.
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Natural food flavour (E)-2-hexenal, a green leaf volatile, exhibits potent antifungal activity on Aspergillus flavus, but its antifungal mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated (E)-2-hexenal-induced apoptosis in A. flavus conidia and explored the underlying mechanisms of action.

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Comparing Production and Efficacy of Cordyceps javanica With Cordyceps fumosorosea.

J Econ Entomol

April 2022

USDA-ARS, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Unit, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA.

A newly discovered entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica (Friedrichs & Bally) Samson & Hywel-Jones (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain Wf GA17 was compared with the commercial Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Apopka 97 strain for liquid-culture production, formulation, insecticidal efficacy, and storage stability under laboratory conditions. We compared culture media with carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios of 10:1, 30:1, and 50:1 for these two isolates. A third strain, C.

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Repellency and toxicity of a CO-derived cedarwood oil on hard tick species (Ixodidae).

Exp Appl Acarol

February 2022

US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 Fourth St., Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.

The repellency and toxicity of a CO-derived cedarwood oil (CWO) was evaluated against actively questing unfed nymphs of four species of hard ticks: Amblyomma americanum (L.), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Using a vertical climb bioassay for repellency, nymphs of these species avoided a CWO-treated filter paper in proportional responses to treatment concentrations.

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Ergot fungi ( spp.) are infamous for producing sclerotia containing a wide spectrum of ergot alkaloids (EA) toxic to humans and animals, making them nefarious villains in the agricultural and food industries, but also treasures for pharmaceuticals. In addition to three classes of EAs, several species also produce paspaline-derived indole diterpenes (IDT) that cause ataxia and staggers in livestock.

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Microbial communities, like their macro-organismal counterparts, assemble from multiple source populations and by processes acting at multiple spatial scales. However, the relative importance of different sources to the plant microbiome and the spatial scale at which assembly occurs remains debated. In this study, we analyzed how source contributions to the foliar fungal microbiome of a C4 grass differed between locally abundant plants and soils across an abiotic gradient at different spatial scales.

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Insecticide resistance has emerged as a persistent threat to the fight against vector-borne diseases. We compared the gut microbiota of permethrin-selected (PS) strain of Aedes aegypti relative to the parent (KW) strain from Key West, Florida. Bacterial richness but not diversity was significantly higher in PS strain compared to KW strain.

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Electrosprayed cashew gum microparticles for the encapsulation of highly sensitive bioactive materials.

Carbohydr Polym

July 2021

Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain. Electronic address:

This study focuses on the production and characterization of electrosprayed cashew gum (CG) microparticles that encapsulate β-carotene. CG is an inexpensive, non-toxic polysaccharide obtained from Anacardium occidentale trees. Encapsulation of β-carotene in CG was performed by electrospraying from two emulsion formulations (water : oil ratios 80:20 and 90:10 (v/v)) in which the dispersed phase consisted of β-carotene dissolved in castor oil, and the continuous phase was a CG aqueous solution.

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Mosquito bacterial communities are essential in mosquito biology, and knowing the factors shaping these bacterial communities is critical to their application in mosquito-borne disease control. This study investigated how the larval environment influences the bacterial communities of larval stages of two container-dwelling mosquito species, Aedes triseriatus, and Aedes japonicus. Larval and water samples were collected from tree holes and used tires at two study sites, and their bacteria characterized through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

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Use of the volatile trichodiene to reduce Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in wheat.

Microb Biotechnol

February 2022

Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.

Fusarium graminearum is the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB reduces yield and contaminates grain with the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a risk to plant, human and animal health. The first committed step in trichothecene biosynthesis is formation of trichodiene (TD).

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Blood meal source and mixed blood-feeding influence gut bacterial community composition in Aedes aegypti.

Parasit Vectors

January 2021

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.

Background: The guts of blood-sucking insects host a community of bacteria that can shift dramatically in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Identifying the key factors structuring these microbial communities has important ecological and epidemiological implications.

Methods: We used the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, to investigate the impact of mixed blood meals on gut microbiota of vector mosquitoes.

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Branched Chain Lipid Metabolism As a Determinant of the -Acyl Variation of Natural Products.

ACS Chem Biol

January 2021

Cayman Chemical, 1180 E. Ellsworth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States.

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are encountered in Gram-positive bacteria, but less so in other organisms. The bacterial BCFA in membranes are typically saturated, with both odd- and even-numbered carbon chain lengths, and with methyl branches at either the ω-1 () or ω-2 () positions. The acylation with BCFA also contributes to the structural diversity of microbial natural products and potentially modulates biological activity.

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Description of Cohnella zeiphila sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from maize callus cultures.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

January 2021

Crop Bioprotection Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.

A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated as strain CBP-2801 was isolated as a contaminant from a culture containing maize callus in Peoria, Illinois, United States. The strain is unique relative to other Cohnella species due to its slow growth and reduced number of sole carbon sources. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA indicated that strain CBP-2801 is a Cohnella bacterium and showed the highest similarity to Cohnella xylanilytica (96.

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Predictive Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling of the Antifungal and Antibiotic Properties of Triazolothiadiazine Compounds.

Methods Protoc

December 2020

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.

Predictive models were developed using two-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) methods coupled with B3LYP/6-311+G** density functional theory modeling that describe the antimicrobial properties of twenty-four triazolothiadiazine compounds against , and sp., as well as the bacteria , , , and . B3LYP/6-311+G** density functional theory calculations indicated the triazolothiadiazine derivatives possess only modest variation between the frontier orbital properties.

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Ethanol tolerance assessment in recombinant E. coli of ethanol responsive genes from Lactobacillus buchneri NRRL B-30929.

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

November 2020

Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.

We previously identified specific proteins associated with ethanol stress response in a Lactobacillus buchneri strain capable of growing in 10% ethanol. In the current study, the exceptional roles of ethanol responsive genes are examined to determine if they can increase ethanol tolerance in E. coli host cells.

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Background: The bacterial communities associated with mosquito eggs are an essential component of the mosquito microbiota, yet there are few studies characterizing and comparing the microbiota of mosquito eggs to other host tissues.

Methods: We sampled gravid female Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobald from the field, allowed them to oviposit in the laboratory, and characterized the bacterial communities associated with their egg rafts and midguts for comparison through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

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A new strain of (wf GA17) was observed causing widespread epizootics among whiteflies in Southern Georgia in 2017. The tolerance of conidia to environmental factors including variable temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light was compared between this strain and three commercial strains of entomopathogenic fungi ( F52, Apopka97, and GHA). Under 10-30 °C, wf GA17 responded similarly to other fungi, with the highest virulence against at 25 °C, followed by 20, 30, and 15 °C; lowest virulence was observed at 10 °C.

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Resistance of a Halobacterium salinarum isolate from a solar saltern to cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, and copper.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

November 2020

Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development "LASED", LR17ES32, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

The current study focuses on the tolerance of a strain of Halobacterium salinarum isolated from Sfax solar saltern (Tunisia) towards cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) by using agar dilution methods in complex and minimal media. The results showed the least inhibitory metals based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were lead (MIC = 4.5 mM), cadmium (MIC = 4 mM), and nickel (MIC = 2.

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Microbial communities of container aquatic habitats shift in response to Culex restuans larvae.

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

July 2020

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

We examined how larvae of Culex restuans mosquito influences the bacterial abundance, composition and diversity in simulated container aquatic habitats. The microbiota of Cx. restuans larvae were also characterized and compared to those of their larval habitats.

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Effect of life stage and pesticide exposure on the gut microbiota of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens L.

Sci Rep

June 2020

Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.

Pesticides commonly contaminate the aquatic environments inhabited by mosquito juveniles. However, their role in shaping the mosquito microbiota is not well understood. We hypothesized that environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, permethrin and malathion will mediate a shift in the mosquito gut bacterial community structure due to their toxic effect on the aquatic bacterial communities, and reduce mosquito gut bacterial diversity by enriching pesticide-degrading bacterial communities over susceptible taxa.

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The Asian eulophid wasp Tetrastichus planipennisi is being released in North America as a biocontrol agent for the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), a very destructive invasive buprestid beetle that is devastating ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). We identified, synthesized, and tested a female-produced sex pheromone for the wasp.

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