Correlation of gut microbial diversity to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To determine the association of gut microbiome diversity and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) amongst patients with pre-existing diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, wherein 54 participants selected in total were placed into cases cohort if diagnosed with STDR and those without STDR but had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus of at least 10-year duration were taken as controls. Statistical analysis comparing the gut microbial alpha diversity between cases and control groups as well as patients differentiated based on previously hypothesized Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes(B/F) ratio with an optimal cut-off 1.

Infectious optic neuropathy (ION), how to recognise it and manage it.

Optic neuropathy can be of infectious or non-infectious/idiopathic aetiology. Many infectious organisms can cause optic neuropathy that can be of varied presentation including papillitis, retrobulbar optic neuritis, neuroretinitis, and optic perineuritis. Detailed history, ocular, systemic/neurologic examination along with appropriate laboratory evaluation can help clinicians to identify the infectious agent causing optic neuropathy.

Surgical management of a case of double optic disc pits with maculopathy.

Background: Double optic disc pit maculopathy is a rare entity. It can be difficult to manage because of excessive leakage and chronic maculopathy.

Purpose: To describe surgical management in a case of double optic disc pits with maculopathy.

Advances in the diagnosis of herpes simplex stromal necrotising keratitis: A feasibility study on deep learning approach.

Purpose: Infectious keratitis, especially viral keratitis (VK), in resource-limited settings, can be a challenge to diagnose and carries a high risk of misdiagnosis contributing to significant ocular morbidity.

We Aimed To: employ and study the application of artificial intelligence-based deep learning (DL) algorithms to diagnose VK.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center from January 2017 to December 2019 employing DL algorithm to diagnose VK from slit-lamp (SL) photographs.

Anterior staphyloma repair following trauma and surgery - A retrospective review of techniques and outcomes over 25 years.

Purpose: To review surgical options, techniques, and outcomes of anterior staphyloma repair done following trauma and surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective case study of patients who underwent staphyloma repair with scleral or tibial periosteal patch grafts following trauma and surgery with a minimum follow-up of 3 months postoperatively. Preoperative risk factors, choice of graft materials, surgical details, and outcomes in terms of graft uptake and tectonic integrity were analyzed.

Polymerase chain reaction confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis intermediate uveitis - analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases from a tertiary care centre in South India: a retrospective study.

Background: To report the role of Polymerase Chain Reaction in confirming the diagnosis of presumed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Intermediate Uveitis.

Method: Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases of presumed tubercular intermediate uveitis wherein intraocular fluid was tested for MTB DNA by Nested & Real-time PCR, based on clinical suspicion of tubercular aetiology. QuantiFERON TB gold test and High-Resolution CT Chest were done.

Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review.

Digital eye strain (DES) is an entity encompassing visual and ocular symptoms arising due to the prolonged use of digital electronic devices. It is characterized by dry eyes, itching, foreign body sensation, watering, blurring of vision, and headache. Non-ocular symptoms associated with eye strain include stiff neck, general fatigue, headache, and backache.

Pythium insidiosum Keratitis: Past, Present, and Future.

Pythium insidiosum (PI) is an oomycete, a protist belonging to the clade Stramenopila. PI causes vision-threatening keratitis closely mimicking fungal keratitis (FK), hence it is also labeled as "parafungus". PI keratitis was initially confined to Thailand, USA, China, and Australia, but with growing clinical awareness and improvement in diagnostic modalities, the last decade saw a massive upsurge in numbers with the majority of reports coming from India.

Correlating the patterns of diabetic macular edema, optical coherence tomography biomarkers and grade of diabetic retinopathy with stage of renal disease.

Purpose: To correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based morphological patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME), biomarkers and grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to diabetes.

Design: Multicentric retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at seven centers across India.

Methods: Data from medical records of patients with DME and CKD were entered in a common excel sheet across all seven centers.

Choroidal neovascularization in 111 eyes of children and adolescents.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, management, and outcomes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in children less than 18 years of age.

Methods: This was a retrospective, case control study of 111 eyes of 96 patients. CNV was clinically diagnosed in all patients.

Preliminary experience & rationale of primary allo Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation (SLET) following surgical excision of Ocular Surface Tumors.

Aim: To report the preliminary outcomes and elucidate the possible rationale of alloSLET for primary ocular surface reconstruction following excision of extensive ocular surface tumors.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series with a minimum postoperative follow up of 1 year. AlloSLET was performed along with wide surgical excision and cryotherapy in 3 eyes.

Multimodal imaging characteristics in eyes with vitreoretinal lymphoma treated with intravitreal rituximab.

Purpose: To characterize the imaging features in eyes with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) using ultra-widefield fundus photography (UWF-FP), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) that are correlated to ongoing treatment with intravitreal Rituximab(IVR).

Methods: Retrospective observational imaging-based study of 15 treatment-naive eyes with VRL treated with IVR. All patients with primary VRL underwent vitreous biopsy using 23/25G microincision vitrectomy system for confirmation of diagnosis.

Intravitreal rituximab monotherapy for management of eyes with vitreoretinal lymphoma: initial experience from India.

Purpose: To evaluate treatment outcomes and complications of intravitreal rituximab (IVR) monotherapy for eyes with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL).

Methods: Patients diagnosed with 'isolated primary VRL' or 'VRL with remission of systemic disease' and treated with IVR (1 mg/0.1 ml) between June 2014 and June 2019 were included in this retrospective, interventional case series.

Bilateral optic neuritis with spine demyelination associated with influenza A H1N1 infection.

Purpose: To report a rare case of optic neuritis with spine demyelination following H1N1 virus infection.

Observation: A 66-year-old female presented with decreased vision in both eyes (left > right) following a recent episode of fever and flu. She was diagnosed as H1N1 infection confirmed by viral antigen analysis of throat swab.

Correction to: EpCAM aptamer mediated cancer cell specific delivery of EpCAM siRNA using polymeric nanocomplex.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.