Adapting and validating informatics competencies for senior nurse leaders in the Canadian context: Results of a Delphi study.

Background: Nurse leaders in senior leadership positions in various parts of the world can play an important role in the acquisition, implementation and use of health information technologies. To date, international research related to nurse leader informatics competencies has been carried out in specific healthcare delivery contexts with very specific health information technology environments. In this body of literature, the definition of a 'nurse leader' has not been clearly defined.

The chiropractic workforce: a global review.

Background: The world is faced with a chronic shortage of health workers, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated a global shortage of 7.2 million health workers resulting in large gaps in service provision for people with disability. The magnitude of the unmet needs, especially within musculoskeletal conditions, is not well established as global data on health work resources are scarce.

How Does Perceived Fairness in the Workers' Compensation Claims Process Affect Mental Health Following a Workplace Injury?

Purpose Mental health concerns are common after a workplace injury, particularly amongst those making a compensation claim. Yet there is a lack of research exploring the effect of modifiable elements of the return-to-work process on mental health. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of perceived injustice in the interactions between claim agents and claimants on mental health symptoms in the 12-month following a musculoskeletal (MSK) workplace injury.

Obesity prevalence in large US cities: association with socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity and physical activity.

Background: Obesity has a complex association with socioeconomic factors. Further clarification of this association could guide population interventions.

Methods: To determine the relationship between obesity prevalence, socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity, and physical activity, we performed a cross-sectional, multivariable linear regression, with data from large US cities participating in the Big Cities Health Inventory.

Sexual Dysfunction in Male Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Seeking Mental Health Treatment.

Introduction: There is mixed evidence regarding how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters are associated with sexual dysfunction (SD), and most studies to date have failed to account for potentially confounding variables. Our study sought to explore the unique contribution of PTSD symptom clusters on (a) lack of sexual desire or pleasure, and (b) pain or problems during sexual intercourse, after adjusting for comorbidities and medication usage.

Materials And Methods: Participants included 543 male treatment-seeking veterans and Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel (aged <65 years), referred for treatment between September 2006 and September 2014.

Women's freedom of movement and participation in psychosocial support groups: qualitative study in northern India.

Background: Depression, the world's leading cause of disability, disproportionately affects women. Women in India, one of the most gender unequal countries worldwide, face systemic gender disadvantage that significantly increases the risk of common mental disorders. This study's objective was to examine the factors influencing women's participation in psychosocial support groups, within an approach where community members work together to collectively strengthen their community's mental health.

'It makes you someone who changes with the times': health worker and client perspectives on a smartphone-based counselling application deployed in rural Tanzania.

Mobile health (mHealth) applications have been developed for community health workers (CHW) to help simplify tasks, enhance service delivery and promote healthy behaviours. These strategies hold promise, particularly for support of pregnancy and childbirth in low-income countries (LIC), but their design and implementation must incorporate CHW clients' perspectives to be effective and sustainable. Few studies examine how mHealth influences client and supervisor perceptions of CHW performance and quality of care in LIC.

Engaging knowledge users in a systematic review on the comparative effectiveness of geriatrician-led models of care is possible: A cross-sectional survey using the Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool.

Background: A systematic review (SR) was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of geriatrician-led models of care, and an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach facilitated SR relevance. Activities to engage knowledge users (KUs) in the SR were evaluated for perceived level of engagement.

Study Design And Setting: KUs included patients, caregivers, geriatricians, and policymakers from three Canadian provinces.

How can engagement of adolescents in antenatal care be enhanced? Learning from the perspectives of young mothers in Ghana and Tanzania.

Background: Adolescents are especially vulnerable due to increased biological, social and economic risks associated with early pregnancy and childbirth, yet most pregnancy and childbirth-related complications are preventable through a combination of proven, cost-effective clinical interventions including timely antenatal care (ANC). The voices and specific needs of adolescents are currently underrepresented in the literature on antenatal and maternity care. Objectives were to a) increase our understanding of adolescents' experiences with, and perceptions of, ANC and b) explore how these perspectives might be applied towards future initiatives to enhance adolescent care-seeking behaviour.

Investigating the Smoking Cessation Informational Needs of Cancer Patients and Informal Caregivers.

Continued smoking at the time of a cancer diagnosis can severely impact the efficacy of cancer patient treatment and survival. The time of diagnosis can serve as a "teachable moment" for smoking cessation education, since patients may be receptive to discussions about quitting. Caregivers may have a pivotal role in supporting patients with their cessation efforts.

Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT): a study protocol for a prediction model that assesses population-based chronic disease incidence.

Background: Population-based risk prediction tools exist for individual chronic diseases. From a population health perspective, studying chronic diseases together provides a comprehensive view of the burden of disease in the population. Thus, public health officials and health policymakers would benefit from a prediction tool that measures the incidence of chronic diseases compositely.

The utility of multivariate outlier detection techniques for data quality evaluation in large studies: an application within the ONDRI project.

Background: Large and complex studies are now routine, and quality assurance and quality control (QC) procedures ensure reliable results and conclusions. Standard procedures may comprise manual verification and double entry, but these labour-intensive methods often leave errors undetected. Outlier detection uses a data-driven approach to identify patterns exhibited by the majority of the data and highlights data points that deviate from these patterns.

Regular use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer risk for women at familial or genetic risk: a cohort study.

Background: The use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but it is not known if this association extends to women at familial or genetic risk. We examined the association between regular NSAID use and breast cancer risk using a large cohort of women selected for breast cancer family history, including 1054 BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort (N = 5606) and a larger combined, retrospective and prospective, cohort (N = 8233) of women who were aged 18 to 79 years, enrolled before June 30, 2011, with follow-up questionnaire data on medication history.

Aboriginal Status and Neighborhood Income Inequality Moderate the Relationship between School Absenteeism and Early Childhood Development.

The negative impact of school absenteeism on children's academic performance has been documented in the educational literature, yet few studies have used validated development indicators, or investigated individual and neighborhood characteristics to illuminate potential moderating factors. Using cross-sectional Early Development Instrument (EDI) panel data (2001-2005) we constructed multilevel linear and logistic regression models to examine the association between school absenteeism and early childhood development, moderated by Aboriginal status, length of school absence, neighborhood-level income inequality, and children's sex assigned at birth. Our study included 3572 children aged four to eight in 56 residential neighborhoods in Saskatoon, Canada.

Association of low birth weight and prematurity with clinical outcomes of childhood nephrotic syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW)/prematurity have been proposed as risk factors for the development of kidney disease in adulthood. Whether there is an association between LBW/prematurity and poor renal outcomes in childhood onset nephrotic syndrome remains unknown.

Methods: Children with nephrotic syndrome diagnosed between 1 and 18 years of age were followed prospectively from 1996 to 2016 at The Hospital for Sick Children (N = 377).

Treatment preferences of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a qualitative study.

Background: Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. This study sought to develop an in-depth understanding of patients' lived experiences of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and its treatment, and to identify which features of treatment were most important to them.

Methods: Qualitative interviews and focus groups (FGs) were conducted with 32 people living with RRMM across Canada.

Data sharing practices of medicines related apps and the mobile ecosystem: traffic, content, and network analysis.

Objectives: To investigate whether and how user data are shared by top rated medicines related mobile applications (apps) and to characterise privacy risks to app users, both clinicians and consumers.

Design: Traffic, content, and network analysis.

Setting: Top rated medicines related apps for the Android mobile platform available in the Medical store category of Google Play in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia.

Multi-stakeholder perspectives on perceived wellness of Special Olympics athletes.

Background: Research to date with children and youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has previously focused upon specific aspects of health (e.g., physical activity, nutrition).

A grounded theory of regaining normalcy and reintegration of women with obstetric fistula in Kenya.

Background: Obstetric fistula is a reproductive health problem causing immense suffering to 1% of women in Kenya that is formed as sequelae of prolonged obstructed labour. It is a chronic illness that disrupts women lives, causing stigma and isolation. Fistula illness often introduces a crisis in women's life begetting feelings of shame and serious disruption to their social, psychological, physical and economic lives, in addition to dealing with moral and hygiene challenges.

"Maybe if I stop the drugs, then maybe they'd care?"-hospital care experiences of people who use drugs.

Background: Drug use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but people who use drugs experience significant barriers to care. Data are needed about the care experiences of people who use drugs to inform interventions and quality improvement initiatives. The objective of this study is to describe and characterize the experience of acute care for people who use drugs.

Taking the pulse of multidisciplinary cancer conferences for breast cancer care in Canada: A stocktake of current practice.

Aim: International guidelines highlight the importance of implementation supports and quality monitoring of multidisciplinary care for breast cancer. In Canada, Ontario has standards for formal multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs), but other provinces/territories do not. This study aimed to stocktake MCCs for breast cancer in Canadian sites participating in the RUBY cohort study (Reducing the Burden of Breast Cancer in Young Women) to better understand variations in multidisciplinary care across Canada and to add to the international literature.

The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Conflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season's vaccine.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from database inception to August 17, 2016, for observational studies published in English that reported VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza for the following four vaccination groups: current season only, prior season only, both seasons, and neither season. We pooled differences in VE (∆VE) between vaccination groups by influenza season and type/subtype using a random-effects model.

Mapping variation in intervention design: a systematic review to develop a program theory for patient navigator programs.

Background: There is a great deal of variation in the design and delivery of patient navigator (PN) programs, making it difficult to design or adopt these interventions in new contexts. We (1) systematically reviewed the literature to generate a preliminary program theory to describe how patient navigator interventions are designed and delivered; and (2) describe how the resulting program theory was applied in context to inform a prototype for a patient navigator program.

Methods: The current study includes a secondary review of a larger systematic review.