Carnitine Responsive Migraine Headache Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: To review carnitine's role in migraine and headache, present a case of a patient with intractable chronic migraine refractory to medications but exquisitely responsive to mitochondrial cofactors with a particularly prompt response to L-carnitine supplementation with dose response, and suggest scenarios where L-carnitine could be considered for prophylactic treatment in migraine and intractable headache with migraine features.

Recent Findings: Multiple treatments modalities are used to treat migraine, including nutraceutical therapies. Mitochondrial supplements are often used to treat migraine, based on controlled trials.

An Update on Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis for the Headache Practitioner.

Purpose Of Review: We aim to review idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeninigitis (IHCP), describe common head pain patterns and features associated with the disorder, suggest potential classification of head pain syndromes based on the recently published International Classification of Headache Disorders-3, explore pathophysiology found to be associated with cases of IHCP, and indicate common treatment for the disorder.

Recent Findings: It is suggested that a subset of IHCP is an IgG4-related autoimmune disorder. Patients with IHCP were found to have elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and lymphocytic pleocytosis.

Do trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias represent primary diagnoses or points on a continuum?

The question of whether the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) represent primary diagnoses or points on a continuum has been debatable for a number of years. Patients with TACs may present with similar clinical characteristics, and occasionally, TACS respond to similar treatments. Prima facie, these disorders may seem to be intimately related.

Is sinus disease the cause of my headaches? An update on sinus disease and headache.

The interplay between head pain caused by sinus disease and primary headaches is complex. Classification of secondary headaches, attributed to disorders of the nose or paranasal sinuses has been recently updated. New treatments including office- based procedures are emerging for patients with chronic sinusitis.