Systematic review: effect of probiotics on antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption.

The effectiveness of probiotics in preventing or reversing antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption remains uncertain, and claims of microbiome restoration to its pre-antibiotic state may be overestimated. In this review, we aimed to assess the efficacy of probiotics in preventing or ameliorating disruptions in microbiome composition and function induced by antibiotic treatment. We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for randomised controlled and non-randomised trials.

Age and Gender Differences in Achievement Goal Orientations in Relation to Physical Activity.

Our aim in the study was to examine age and gender differences in achievement goal orientations and their impact on self-reported persistence toward physical activities of middle school, high school, and college students. A total of 1254 students from four middle schools, two high schools, and one university participated in this study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that age, as a continuous variable, had a significant and positive effect on students' mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, and their persistence toward physical activities.

Longitudinal Stability and Change in Young Students' Mastery-Approach Goals for Running.

In the present study, we examined the longitudinal stability and change in mastery-approach goals for running as offered in regularly scheduled physical education (PE) and athletics classes in the United States. There were five waves of data collection from 806 students (431 boys; 375 girls) who were tracked from fourth to eighth grade while participating in running activities in PE or athletics classes. We assessed the participants' mastery-approach goals using four items on a 5-point scale.

An Analysis of Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Hemopericardium Using Autopsy Data From a County Medical Examiner.

The volume of hemopericardium requiring hemodynamic changes in the trauma patient is not well understood. We performed a study using autopsy data from trauma patients who died with hemopericardium (>20 mL). Of 1848 traumatic deaths, 54 had hemopericardium at autopsy.

Adolescent Relationship Abuse, Gender Equitable Attitudes, Condom and Contraception Use Self-Efficacy Among Adolescent Girls.

: Experiencing adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) negatively impacts sexual health and influences risk behaviors of adolescent girls. ARA may be associated with more inequitable gender attitudes among girls, a potentially modifiable factor in violence prevention. This study examines the association among gender equitable attitudes, experiences of ARA, and sexual behaviors among girls participating in Sisterhood 2.

How Often do Medical Specialties Question the Practices that They Perform? An Empirical, Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Published Literature.

An aspect of overuse is who decides which practices are evaluated for overuse and which of the studies on overuse are published in the medical literature. We sought to examine the frequency with which studies in medical journals questioned an established practice. As a secondary objective, we sought to determine if there was variance among medical specialties.

Assessing Social Network Influences on Adult Physical Activity Using Social Network Analysis: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Social network analysis (SNA) can measure social connectedness and assess impact of interpersonal connections on health behaviors, including physical activity (PA). This paper aims to systematically review adult PA studies using SNA to understand important social network concepts relative to PA.

Data Source: A search was performed using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science.

"You Just Have to Keep Going, You Can't Give Up": Coping mechanisms among young adults with lupus transferring to adult care.

Introduction: Coping mechanisms and emotional regulation are important contributors to psychosocial health during stressful life events. We sought to describe the coping and emotional responses of persons with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus during the transfer from pediatric to adult healthcare.

Methods: Semi-structured in-depth one-on-one interviews were conducted with 13 young women aged 18-24 of minority background who had transferred to adult care in a public hospital system.

The Role of Optimism on the Relationship Between Activity Limitations and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States: A Growth Curve Model of Changes Over Time.

Activity limitations can diminish life satisfaction. This study explored the role of optimism on the relationship between changes in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) limitations and life satisfaction over time among middle-aged and older adults. Growth curve modeling accounting for intra- and inter-individual changes in life satisfaction was applied to the 2008-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study Leave Behind Survey subsample ( = 39,122 person-years).

Assessment of Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Outcomes Among College Students.

Purpose: This study examined current (past 30-day) dual- and polytobacco use patterns and COVID-19 symptomatology, testing, and diagnosis status among college student electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users.

Design: Cross-sectional online questionnaire administered during October-December 2020.

Setting: Four large, U.

Ethnicity, age, and education influence perceptions of vegetable healthiness and macronutrient content.

To assess perceptions of nutritional content and health value of popular vegetables. Cross-sectional online survey. A total of 760 adults participated in the study.

Influences of Physical Environmental Cues on People With Dementia: A Scoping Review.

Physical environmental cues can provide important support to people with dementia (PwD). Compared to interventions involving construction, some cues can be achieved more easily, with less expense, and with fewer disruptions to PwD's daily lives. This review aims to examine existing empirical evidence about the impacts of cues on PwD's behaviors.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Risky Travel and Leisure Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: COVID-19 is largely spread through close contact with infected people in indoor spaces. Avoiding these spaces is one of the most effective ways to slow the spread. This study assessed who had engaged in risky travel and leisure behaviors before the availability of vaccines.

Testosterone Deficiency, Long-Term Testosterone Therapy, and Inflammation.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association of testosterone deficiency with inflammation and how long-term testosterone therapy affects inflammation biomarkers over time.

Methods: We conducted a 2-component study. First, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the recently released 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to examine the association between testosterone deficiency and inflammation biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the US general population.

PedsQL Multiple Sclerosis Module Domain and Item Development: Qualitative Methods.

Background: The objective of this qualitative methods study was to develop the domains and items to support the content validity for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Multiple Sclerosis Module for youth with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Methods: A literature review of multiple sclerosis-specific questionnaires and clinical research was conducted to generate domains. An expert panel composed of 12 neurologists who were pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis specialists provided feedback on the conceptual framework.

School-Level Efforts to Address Sexual Health and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Students in Texas Alternative High Schools.

We compared sexual/reproductive health services and sexuality education topics provided in Texas alternative high schools (AHSs) with the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors among students in AHS. Using cross-sectional data from convenience samples of 14 principals, 14 lead health educators, and 515 students, we calculated descriptive statistics for 20 services and 15 sexuality education topics provided by AHSs and seven sexual risk behaviors among students in AHS. AHSs provided few sexual/reproductive health services and limited educational content, despite high levels of sexual risk taking among students.

The Correlation Between Visibility and Medical Staff Collaborative Communication in Emergency Departments.

Objectives: This study empirically investigates the correlation between visibility and nurses and physicians' collaborative communication in emergency departments (EDs). The researchers hypothesized that higher visibility levels in EDs are associated with higher collaborative communication among nurses and physicians.

Background: The review of related literature addresses the role of communication in EDs, and more specifically, how visibility has been found to affect nurse and physician behavior in healthcare facilities.

Veteran-Centered Investigation of Architectural and Space Design Considerations for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Aim: This study sought to investigate architectural and space design considerations for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that urban design features could have a positive impact on the mental well-being of individuals suffering from PTSD. However, evidence-based architectural and space design guidelines for PTSD are largely absent.