Low Prevalence but High Impact of COVID-19 Positive Status in Adult Trauma Patients: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 28 904 Patients.

Background: Few large investigations have addressed the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among trauma patients and impact on providers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among trauma patients by timing of diagnosis, assess nosocomial exposure risk, and evaluate the impact of COVID-19 positive status on morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Registry data from adults admitted 4/1/2020-10/31/2020 from 46 level I/II trauma centers were grouped by: timing of first positive status (Day 1, Day 2-6, or Day ≥ 7); overall Positive/Negative status; or Unknown if test results were unavailable.

Mass Shootings and Their Proximity to a Public or Private School: Protecting the Health and Livelihood of Our Children.

Introduction: Firearm-related violence occupies the third leading age-adjusted mortality rate among all mechanisms of injury. We aim to analyze the distribution of mass shootings in relation to the distance to the nearest public/private school in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective study investigating mass shootings and proximity to school areas.

Utilization and Efficacy of Resuscitation Endpoints in Trauma and Burn Patients: A Review Article.

Shock is a sequelae in trauma and burn patients that substantially increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. The use of resuscitation endpoints allows for improved management of these patients, with the potential to prevent further morbidity/mortality. We conducted a review of the current literature on the efficacy of hemodynamic, metabolic, and regional resuscitation endpoints for use in trauma and burn patients.

Understanding Preventable Deaths in the Geriatric Trauma Population: Analysis of 3,452,339 Patients From the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services Database.

Background: Patient safety indicators (PSIs) are avoidable complications that can impact outcomes. Geriatric patients have a higher mortality than younger patients with similar injuries, and understanding the etiology may help reduce mortality. We aim to estimate preventable geriatric trauma mortality in the United States and identify PSIs associated with increased preventable mortality.

The Impact of Ambient Temperature Control Across Various Care Settings on Outcomes in Burn Patients: A Review Article.

Ambient/room temperature settings in burn treatment areas vary greatly due to a lack of evidence-based guidelines to direct care. While it is generally understood that ambient/room temperature impacts patient body temperature and metabolism, the ideal settings for optimizing patient outcomes are unclear. The literature assessing this topic is scarce, with many of the articles having significant limitations.

Race and Insurance Status Disparities in Post-discharge Disposition After Hospitalization for Major Trauma.

Background: Investigations detailing predictive measures of hospital disposition after traumatic injury are scarce. We aim to examine the discharge practices among trauma centers in the US and to identify factors that may influence post-hospital disposition.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of trauma patients using the American College of Surgeons-Trauma Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2007-2017.

Regional Population-Based Workforce Shortages in General Surgery by Practicing Surgeon and Resident Trainee.

Background: The physician shortage in the United States (US) continues to become more apparent. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the US physician distribution from 2012-2019 by specialty at the state/regional level relative to the corresponding population growth.

Methods: US matched residents and practicing physicians from 2012-2019 were extracted from the National Resident Matching Program and Association of American Medical College databases, respectively.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest Among Speakers, Moderators, Presenters, and Discussants at National Trauma Meetings.

Background: Official conference participants (OCPs) consisting of speakers, moderators, discussants, and presenters) with conflicts of interest (COI) could negatively influence the audience's ability to fairly evaluate information if their COI is not properly disclosed. We aim to examine the patterns of COI disclosures by OCPs and the nature and extent of financial compensation at 3 annual trauma conferences.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of COI disclosures of OCPs, in the EAST, WTA, and AAST Annual Meetings from 2016 to 2019.

An Analysis of Patients Dead on Arrival in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File Data Set.

Background: Trauma patient care begins on-scene as field triage and mode of transportation are determinants of patient outcomes. This study evaluates the US national patterns of dead on arrival (DOA) among the trauma population.

Methods: A cross-sectional review of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File (TQP-PUF) data set (2013-2017) was performed.

The Effects of Body Mass Index and Seatbelt Use on Pediatric Chest and Abdominal Injuries after Motor Vehicle Collisions.

Background: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of body mass index (BMI) and seatbelt use on thoracic injuries and outcomes in pediatric patients with rib fractures remains unexplored. We aim to assess how seatbelt use and BMI affect thoracic injuries and outcomes in pediatric patients who sustained ≥3 rib fractures following an MVC.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Utilization in Blunt and Penetrating Traumatic Injuries: A Systematic Review.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly used treatment modality for severe respiratory insufficiency in trauma patients. Examining ECMO use specifically in blunt and penetrating traumas can aid in directing future protocols. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of ECMO use in both blunt and penetrating trauma patients through a systematic review of current literature.

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta: A Systematic Review.

Background: The data on resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) use continue to grow with its increasing use in trauma centers. The data in her last 5 years have not been systematically reviewed. We aim to assess current literature related to REBOA use and outcomes among civilian trauma populations.

Gender, Race, Age, Allopathic Degree, Board Score, and Research Experience Among Applicants Matching to General and Orthopedic Surgery Residencies, 2015-2019.

Background: Surgical fields are historically dominated by male physicians. Increasing the diversity of the physician workforce improves training and patient experiences. We aim to investigate any differences in qualifications and match rates between male and female applicants to general surgery (GS) and orthopedic surgery (OS) residencies in the United States.

The Shortage of Trauma Surgeons in the US.

Background: As the United States (US) population increases, the demand for more trauma surgeons (TSs) will increase. There are no recent studies comparing the TS density temporally and geographically. We aim to evaluate the density and distribution of TSs by state and region and its impact on trauma patient mortality.

REBOA Use, Practices, Characteristics, and Implementations Across Various US Trauma Centers.

Background: Hemorrhage accounts for >30% of trauma-related mortalities. Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for temporary hemostasis in the civilian population remains controversial. We aim to investigate REBOA practices through analysis of surgeon and trauma center characteristics, implementation, patient characteristics, and overall opinions.

Emergency Medical Service Transport Time and Trauma Outcomes at an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center: Evaluation of Prehospital Emergency Medical Service Response.

Background: The use of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) for trauma patients has been debated since its introduction. We aim to compare outcomes for trauma patients transported by ground EMS (GEMS) vs. HEMS using raw and adjusted mortality in a level 1 trauma center.

Implications of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Examination Transition to Pass/Fail on Medical Students Education and Future Career Opportunities.

Background: United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 will transition to pass/fail score by 2022. We aim to investigate US medical students' perspectives on the potential implications this transition would have on their education and career opportunities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study investigating US medical students' perspectives on the implications of transition of the USMLE Step 1 exam to pass/fail.

The Need for Nutritional Education Reform in US Medical Education System.

Background: To compare the setting, quality, and utility of nutritional education received by general surgery residents and faculty surgeons and their perceptions and challenges in managing patient nutritional needs.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis utilizing anonymous survey data distributed by the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS) to its affiliated general surgery residency programs.

Results: 90.