Learning to drive: A reconceptualization.

Drivers' population-level crash rates incrementally decrease following licensure, which has led to the implicit assumption that an individual driver's crash risk also decreases incrementally after licensure as they accrue experience. However, in the aggregate data an incremental decrease in crash rate can reflect both incremental reductions in crash risk within individuals and an incremental increase in the proportion of drivers who have experienced an abrupt decrease in crash risk. Therefore, while it is true to say that the population of drivers' crash risk reduces in the months following licensure, it is not necessarily true to say that a driver's crash risk reduces in the months following licensure; that is, it cannot be assumed that individual-level changes in crash risk mirror the population-level changes in crash rates.

New Magneto-Fluorescent Hybrid Polymer Nanogel for Theranostic Applications.

Herein we have reported a new magneto-fluorescent nanogel built on photoluminescent comacromer [PEG-maleic acid-glycine], ,-dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and citrate-capped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). The nanogel was found to have core-shell morphology (SPION core and PEG shell) with particle size around 80 nm. The cytocompatibility of the synthesized nanogel was studied using MTT, live/dead assays, and flow cytometry.

The Purple Sea Urchin Demonstrates a Compartmentalization of Gut Bacterial Microbiota, Predictive Functional Attributes, and Taxonomic Co-Occurrence.

The sea urchin (order Camarodonta, family Strongylocentrotidae) can be found dominating low intertidal pool biomass on the southern coast of Oregon, USA. In this case study, three adult sea urchins were collected from their shared intertidal pool, and the bacteriome of their pharynx, gut tissue, and gut digesta, including their tide pool water and algae, was determined using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the 16S rRNA genes and bioinformatics tools. Overall, the gut tissue demonstrated and (Epsilonproteobacteria) to be abundant, whereas the gut digesta was dominated by (Gammaproteobacteria), (Fusobacteria), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes).

Lifting cognition: a meta-analysis of effects of resistance exercise on cognition.

The health benefits of resistance exercises are well established; however, the effects of resistance training on cognition are not as well understood. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence of resistance exercise's effects on cognition. A systematic search identified 24 studies that were included in the analyses.

Effects of SAHA and EGCG on Growth Potentiation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer comprises approximately 15⁻20% of all breast cancers diagnosed and is nearly twice as common in black women than white women in the United States. We evaluated the effects of two epigenetic-modifying compounds on markers of growth potential in several triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently used in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, was administered to triple-negative breast cancer cells alone or in combination with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor isolated from green tea.

Gender differences in children's pedestrian behaviors: Developmental effects.

Introduction: All child pedestrians are vulnerable to road traffic injuries, but there is evidence that boys may be at greater risk than girls, at least among some age groups.

Method: To create effective intervention programs, research on how boys and girls of particular ages behave as pedestrians, and whether there are gender differences that increase risk for particular genders at particular ages, is needed. In this study, 255 boys and 235 girls in grade 1 through 6 from two primary schools in Nantong city, China, were unobtrusively videotaped when walking to school in the morning.

Systems Biology and Machine Learning in Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Systems biology is an inclusive approach to study the static and dynamic emergent properties on a global scale by integrating multiomics datasets to establish qualitative and quantitative associations among multiple biological components. With an abundance of improved high throughput -omics datasets, network-based analyses and machine learning technologies are playing a pivotal role in comprehensive understanding of biological systems. Network topological features reveal most important nodes within a network as well as prioritize significant molecular components for diverse biological networks, including coexpression, protein-protein interaction, and gene regulatory networks.

Dynamic modeling of transcriptional gene regulatory network uncovers distinct pathways during the onset of Arabidopsis leaf senescence.

Age-dependent senescence is a multifaceted and highly coordinated developmental phase in the life of plants that is manifested with genetic, biochemical and phenotypic continuum. Thus, elucidating the dynamic network modeling and simulation of molecular events, in particular gene regulatory network during the onset of senescence is essential. Here, we constructed a computational pipeline that integrates senescence-related co-expression networks with transcription factor (TF)-promoter relationships and microRNA (miR)-target interactions.

Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States.

Attitudes and behavior that devalue individuals based upon their HIV status (HIV-related stigma) are barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and wellbeing among women living with HIV. Other coexisting forms of stigma (e.g.

WC-β-SiC Nanocomposite Catalysts Used in Aqueous Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural.

This study investigates the effects of the addition of tungsten on the structure, phase composition, textural properties and activities of β-SiC-based catalysts in the aqueous phase hydrogenation of furfural. Carbothermal reduction of SiO₂ in the presence of WO₃ at 1550 °C in argon resulted in the formation of WC-β-SiC nanocomposite powders with significant variations in particle morphology and content of WC-tipped β-SiC nano-whiskers, as revealed by TEM and SEM-EDS. The specific surface area (SSA) of the nanocomposite strongly depended on the amount of tungsten and had a notable impact on its catalytic properties for the production of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA).

The validation of a sensitive, non-toxic in vivo metabolic assay applicable across zebrafish life stages.

Energy expenditure and metabolism, is a well-studied field as it is linked to many diseases as dysregulation of metabolism is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. Classical methods of studying metabolism in vivo are well established, but most are tedious and expensive, thus, finding methods of accurately measuring metabolism in living organisms that is quick and non-invasive is of strong interest. In this work, we validate the use of resazurin; a compound that is conformationally changed into fluorescent resorufin upon metabolic reduction by NADH, as a metabolic assay for adult zebrafish.

Dietary methionine restriction: Effects on glucose tolerance, lipid content and micro-RNA composition in the muscle of rainbow trout.

Lean muscle mass plays an important role in overall health, as altered skeletal muscle metabolism can impact both the incidence and prevention of conditions related to metabolic health. Intriguingly, dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to ameliorate this phenotype over time potentially through mechanisms related to changes in myogenic precursor cell (MPC) differentiation status. Recently the role of micro-RNAs (miRs) in regulating the expression of muscle specific transcription factors myoD and myogenin as well as signaling molecules involved in skeletal muscle differentiation has been reported in vitro.

Pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and pain intensity impair life satisfaction through differential patterns of physical and psychological disruption.

Background And Purpose: Previous research has highlighted the importance of cognitive appraisal processes in determining the nature and effectiveness of coping with chronic pain. Two of the key variables implicated in appraisal of pain are catastrophizing and perceived injustice, which exacerbate the severity of pain-related distress and increase the risk of long-term disability through maladaptive behavioural responses. However, to date, the influences of these phenomena have not been examined concurrently, nor have they been related specifically to quality of life measures, such as life satisfaction.

Initial validation of a virtual blood draw exposure paradigm for fear of blood and needles.

Fear of blood, injections, and needles commonly prevents or delays individuals' receipt of health care, such as vaccines or blood draws. Innovative methods are needed to overcome these fears and reduce anxiety related to activities of this nature. The present study describes initial testing of an arm illusion paradigm that may prove useful during early phases of graded exposure for people with blood and needle fear.

Evaluating Otto the Auto: Does Engagement in an Interactive Website Improve Young Children's Transportation Safety?

Transportation-related injuries are a leading cause of pediatric death, and effective interventions are limited. is a website offering engaging, interactive activities. We evaluated among a sample of sixty-nine 4- and 5-year-old children, who participated in a randomized parallel group design study.

Proteomics and metabolomics in ageing research: from biomarkers to systems biology.

Age is the single greatest risk factor for a wide range of diseases, and as the mean age of human populations grows steadily older, the impact of this risk factor grows as well. Laboratory studies on the basic biology of ageing have shed light on numerous genetic pathways that have strong effects on lifespan. However, we still do not know the degree to which the pathways that affect ageing in the lab also influence variation in rates of ageing and age-related disease in human populations.

Distracted Pedestrian Behavior on two Urban College Campuses.

Pedestrian injuries injure about 180,000 individuals and kill 6000 each year in the United States, and pedestrian injury rates have increased each of the last several years. Distracted pedestrian behavior may play a role in the trend of increasing risk for pedestrian injury. Using in vivo behavioral coding over the course of  two weeks on two urban college campuses, this study aimed to (1) understand the type and rate of distractions engaged in by pedestrians on urban college campuses, and (2) investigate the impact of distraction on street-crossing safety and behavior.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Weight Gain and Gonad Production in Small Sea Urchins, .

In experiment 1, juvenile sea urchins (n = 80, 0.088 ± 0.001 g wet weight and 5.

Experiential exposure to texting and walking in virtual reality: A randomized trial to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior.

Background: Distracted pedestrian behavior is a significant public health concern, as research suggests distracted pedestrians have significantly higher risk of injury compared to fully attentive pedestrians. Despite this, efforts to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior are scant.

Objective: Using a repeated measures experimental research design, we implemented a behavioral intervention to reduce distracted pedestrian behavior in the high-risk environment of an urban college campus and simultaneously monitored behavior on a control urban college campus not exposed to the intervention.

Investigation of coordination and order in transcription regulation of innate and adaptive immunity genes in type 1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease and extensive evidence has indicated a critical role of both the innate and the adaptive arms of immune system in disease development. To date most clinical trials of immunomodulation therapies failed to show efficacy. A number of gene expression studies of T1D have been carried out.

PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE IN THE CULTURE OF JUVENILE SEA URCHIN .

Juvenile (ca. 3.95± 0.

Visual Behavior Differences in Drivers Across the Lifespan: A Digital Billboard Simulator Study.

Driver distraction is implicated in a significant portion of motor vehicle collisions; evidence has suggested that billboards can contribute to such distraction, but many knowledge gaps remain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of billboards (static, 250-foot digital transition, 500-foot digital transition, and a control [no billboard] condition) and age group (teen, middle, and older) on visual behavior through the use of a driving simulator. To address gaps in the existing literature, the effects of age group and billboard type on the following visual attention variables were considered: percent of time participants looked at billboards, average glance length, number of glances, and glance pattern activity.

The gut microbiome of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, from its natural habitat demonstrates selective attributes of microbial taxa and predictive metabolic profiles.

In this paper, we describe the microbial composition and their predictive metabolic profile in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus gut ecosystem along with samples from its habitat by using NextGen amplicon sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses. The microbial communities of the gut tissue revealed a near-exclusive abundance of Campylobacteraceae, whereas the pharynx tissue consisted of Tenericutes, followed by Gamma-, Alpha- and Epsilonproteobacteria at approximately equal capacities. The gut digesta and egested fecal pellets exhibited a microbial profile comprised of Gammaproteobacteria, mainly Vibrio, and Bacteroidetes.

Differential impact of personality traits on distracted driving behaviors in teens and older adults.

Objective: To determine the impact of personality on distracted driving behaviors.

Method: Participants included 120 drivers (48 teens, 72 older adults) who completed the 45-item Big Five Personality questionnaire assessing self-reported personality factors and the Questionnaire Assessing Distracted Driving (QUADD) assessing the frequency of distracted driving behaviors. Associations for all five personality traits with each outcome (e.