Temperature-Dependent Relationship of Autophagy and Apoptotic Signaling During Cold-Water Immersion in Young and Older Males.

Autophagy is a crucial cytoprotective mechanism preventing the accumulation of cellular damage, especially during external stimuli such as cold exposure. Older adults poorly tolerate cold exposure and age-related impairments in autophagy may contribute to the associated reductions in cold tolerance. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of different intensities of in vivo cold-water immersion and in vitro cold exposure on autophagic and apoptotic signaling in young and older males.

Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated men.

In rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in producing heat to defend against the cold and can metabolize large amounts of dietary fatty acids (DFA). The role of BAT in DFA metabolism in humans is unknown. Here we show that mild cold stimulation (18 °C) results in a significantly greater fractional DFA extraction by BAT relative to skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue in non-cold-acclimated men given a standard liquid meal containing the long-chain fatty acid PET tracer, 14(R,S)-[F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA).

Girls Just Wanna Have Fun: a process evaluation of a female youth-driven physical activity-based life skills program.

Introduction: Integrating a positive youth development framework into physical activity programming has become popular as it is believed that this integration can create the development of both physical and psychosocial skills. However, there has been a lack of intervention fidelity research within the field of positive youth development.

Case Description: The Girls Just Wanna Have Fun program was designed in response to increased calls for physical activity programs for female youth and is a theoretically-grounded physical activity-based life skills program that aims to empower female youth.

Preoperative and postoperative lower-extremity joint and pelvic kinematics during maximal squatting of patients with cam femoro-acetabular impingement.

Background: Understanding how the function of the lower extremity joints during everyday movements following surgery to treat cam femoro-acetabular impingement is essential to assess whether surgical intervention effectively restores the normal biomechanics of the hip. The purpose of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative lower-extremity joint and pelvic angular displacements during maximal depth squatting of patients with unilateral symptomatic cam femoro-acetabular impingement.

Methods: Ten participants were compared with respect to their preoperative and postoperative test results.

Gait and motion analysis of the lower extremity after total hip arthroplasty: what the orthopedic surgeon should know.

This article presents critical issues related to the interpretation of biomechanical findings of the hip joint for patients having undergone hip arthroplasty. The use of a gait, or biomechanical, analysis provides objective evidence of the efficiency of the treatments or the effectiveness of hip replacement approaches. Based on our biomechanical analysis, patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty use a stair ascent and descent strategy allowing them to significantly reduce loading at the prosthetic hip joint.

Lower limb muscle activity and kinematics of an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre: a gender comparison.

This investigation compared the amplitude and the timing of the muscle activity of the lower limb, as well as the three-dimensional kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints, of male and female elite soccer players performing an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre. These data were recorded for 15 female and 15 male participants for five successful cutting manoeuvres. For this manoeuvre to be performed in an unanticipated manner, the participants were instructed to execute one of three tasks, which were signalled to them with a target board composed of three different coloured lights.

Core temperature differences between males and females during intermittent exercise: physical considerations.

We examined differences in dynamic heat balance between males and females during intermittent exercise. Six males (M) and six females (F) performed three 30-min bouts of exercise (Ex1, Ex2, Ex3) at a constant rate of metabolic heat production (M - W) of approximately 500 W separated by three 15-min periods of inactive recovery. Rate of total heat loss (M - W) was measured by direct calorimetry, while M - W was determined by indirect calorimetry.