B Lineage Cells and IgE in Allergic Rhinitis and CRSwNP and the Role of Omalizumab Treatment.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two prevalent nasal diseases where both type 2 inflammation and immunoglobulin E (IgE) may play important roles. Although they can exist independently or comorbidly, subtle but important differences exist in immunopathogenesis.

Objective: To summarize current knowledge of pathophysiological roles of B lineage cells and IgE in AR and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Service-Delivery Competencies in Home and Community-Based Services Needed to Achieve Person-Centered Planning and Practices: A Systematic Review.

Home and community-based services (HCBS) assist people with disabilities and older adults to remain in their homes. Direct support professionals and care managers who facilitate the development of support plans need to employ person-centered approaches to ensure services are tailored to peoples' needs and preferences. The aims were to identify the key competencies needed for delivery of person-centered supports and examine the relationship between HCBS and its' outcomes in the United States.

Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies among men who have sex with men.

Purpose: Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies in men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent repeated anal cytology (aCyt), oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) testing. A subset received High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA).

Clinical presentation and outcomes of syphilitic meningitis among hospitalized adults in lusaka, Zambia.

Background: Few studies exist to describe the characteristics of symptomatic syphilitic meningitis, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite a global resurgence.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of adults with meningitis presenting to Zambia's largest referral hospital between April 2014 and December 2017. Individuals with pyogenic bacterial and cryptococcal meningitis were excluded from this cohort.

Electronic health record data use in the assessment of quality indicators for glucocorticoid osteoporosis screening in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine whether electronic health record (EHR) data components could be identified and used to assess bone health quality indicators in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as a foundation for population health management.

Methods: We identified patients in our EHR system who had diagnosis codes for lupus from 2012 to 2017 and characterized them based on the frequency and dosage of prescribed glucocorticoid medications. The medical records of patients who received repeated high-dose glucocorticoid orders were further reviewed for osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures, receipt of appropriate preventive screening, and orders for protective medications based on established quality indicators.

Gaps in Knowledge and Practice in Treating Tobacco Use Among Non-physician Healthcare Professionals and Lay Health Workers in Chicago, Illinois.

Objective: To conduct a needs assessment for lay health workers and non-physician healthcare professionals [i.e., community health workers (CHW) and lung health professionals who spend more time face-to-face with tobacco-related disparity populations] to describe current gaps in tobacco cessation practices and knowledge.

Measuring Social Health Following Pediatric Critical Illness: A Scoping Review and Conceptual Framework.

Objective: Social health is an important component of recovery following critical illness as modeled in the pediatric Post-Intensive Care Syndrome framework. We conducted a scoping review of studies measuring social outcomes (measurable components of social health) following pediatric critical illness and propose a conceptual framework of the social outcomes measured in these studies.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Registry.

Social Rhythm Disruption is Associated with Greater Depressive Symptoms in People with Mood Disorders: Findings from a Multinational Online Survey During COVID-19.

Objectives: Societal restrictions imposed to prevent transmission of COVID-19 may challenge circadian-driven lifestyle behaviours, particularly amongst those vulnerable to mood disorders. The overarching aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that, in the routine-disrupted environment of the COVID-19, amongst a sample of people living with mood disorders, greater social rhythm disruption would be associated with more severe mood symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a two-wave, multinational survey of 997 participants who self-reported a mood disorder diagnosis (i.

A Shot of Faith-Analyzing Vaccine Hesitancy in Certain Religious Communities in the United States.

Vaccine hesitancy in the United States continues to hamper ongoing coronavirus vaccination efforts. One set of populations with higher-than-average initial rates of vaccine hesitancy are certain religious groups, such as white evangelicals, African-American Protestants, and Hispanic Catholics. This article discusses the reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy in these populations, focusing on new trends in religious, political, and ideological beliefs that may influence vaccine acceptance.

Global Cleft Lip and Palate Outreach: A Google Trends Analysis.

Understanding patient awareness of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and evaluating demand for necessary procedures may serve to better target future efforts in global outreach. We utilized internet search query data from Google Trends for the terms: "cleft lip," "cleft palate," "cleft lip and palate," "cleft surgery," and "cleft repair" from January 2004 to January 2021. Relative search volumes (RSV) recorded for the top 5 highest displaying countries and top 3 available regions within those countries were compared against global outreach by Operation Smile and Smile Train, as measured by the number of patients treated.

Family Outcomes After the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Scoping Review.

Background: Intensivists are increasingly attuned to the postdischarge outcomes experienced by families because patient recovery and family outcomes are interdependent after childhood critical illness. In this scoping review of international contemporary literature, we describe the evidence of family effects and functioning postpediatric intensive care unit (PICU) as well as outcome measures used to identify strengths and weaknesses in the literature.

Methods: We reviewed all articles published between 1970 and 2017 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), or the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry.

Emergency Response Protocols for Overseas Outreach Settings: Global Smile Foundation Strategy.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) aim to alleviate unmet global disease burden and promote collaboration between visiting and host countries. Well-executed emergency response protocols are foundational to providing safe and quality care in an unpredictable global setting. Global Smile Foundation (GSF) instituted a protocol in 2012 based on over three decades of cleft care experience.

Direct oral anticoagulants decrease treatment failure for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Objective: Optimal medical therapy for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains an enigma. While clinical trials demonstrate non-inferiority with an oral anti-Xa inhibitor, or direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), versus combined low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and oral vitamin K antagonist (VKA), the most effective regimen remains to be determined.

Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study from October 2014 to December 2015 of patients with a diagnosis of acute DVT and subsequent serial lower extremity venous duplex.

A Low Literacy, Multimedia Health Information Technology Intervention to Enhance Patient-Centered Cancer Care in Safety Net Settings Increased Cancer Knowledge in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

We tested whether a low-literacy-friendly, multimedia information and assessment system used in daily clinical practice enhanced patient-centered care and improved patient outcomes. This was a prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with 2 arms, CancerHelp-Talking Touchscreen (CancerHelp-TT) versus control, among adults with Stage I-III breast or colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in safety net settings. Each patient was assessed for outcomes at 4 timepoints: after starting treatment (baseline), during treatment, immediately after treatment, and at follow-up assessment.

The Current State of Cleft Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review.

Objective: To identify practices and limitations of cleft care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design: A retrospective narrative nonsystematic literature review was performed.

Setting: Literature exploring the management practices of cleft lip and/or palate across regions in SSA was included.

Disparities in Palliative Care Utilization Among Hospitalized People With Huntington Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: People with Huntington's disease (HD) often become institutionalized and more frequently die away from the home setting. The reasons behind differences in end-of-life care are poorly understood. Less than 5% of people with HD report utilization of palliative care (PC) or hospice services, regardless of the lack of curative therapies for this neurodegenerative disease.

Regulation of the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Nasal Mucosa.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Higher expression of the virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the nasal mucosa may be associated with high transmissibility and asymptomatic infection. In COVID-19, the elucidation of the determinants of ACE2 expression at nasal tissue level is crucial.

Surveillance Cultures and Infection in 230 Pacemaker and Defibrillator Generator Changes in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Patients.

Background: Postoperative infections can occur during surgical replacement of pulse generators for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. The incidence of infection is poorly documented in children and patients with adult congenital heart disease. The utility of surveillance cultures obtained from device pocket swabs is unknown in this group.

A Qualitative Study Describing Pediatric Palliative Care in Non-Metropolitan Areas of Illinois.

Background: There is little information about providing pediatric palliative care (PPC) in non-metropolitan areas.

Objective: Describe the strengths of and challenges to delivering PPC in non-metropolitan communities and identify opportunities to improve care delivery.

Design: A qualitative study involving focus groups (FGs) with PPC stakeholders.

Time-dependent shift of the relationship between systolic blood pressure and clinical outcome in acute lacunar stroke.

Background And Aims: This study explores the relationship between systolic blood pressure during the acute period of stroke and poor functional outcome in patients with lacunar stroke, emphasizing a possible time-dependent nature of the relationship.

Methods: Based on multicenter stroke registry data, patients with acute lacunar stroke were identified, and systolic blood pressure levels at eight time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h) after stroke onset were extracted at the 15 participating centers in South Korea. Poor functional outcome was defined as a three-month modified Rankin Scale score of 2-6.

Analysis of Linguistically and Culturally Tailored Initiatives in Websites of Kidney Transplant Programs in the United States Between 2013-2018.

Introduction: Minority patients constitute the majority of the kidney transplant waiting list, yet they suffer greater difficulties in listing and longer wait times to transplantation. There is a lack of information regarding targeted efforts by transplant centers to improve transplant care for minority populations.

Research Question: Our aim was to analyze all kidney transplant websites in the United States to identify changes over a 5-year period in the number of multilingual websites, reported culturally targeted initiatives, and center and provider diversity.

A Review of "First Rib Fracture: A Hallmark of Severe Trauma" (1975).

This review is submitted for inclusion in the literary festschrift in honor of J. David Richardson, MD.

Concussion Alters Dynamic Pupillary Light Responses in Children.

Aim: To investigate the impact of concussion on pupillary function in children by examining pupillometric parameters and assessing for differences in children reporting photosensitivity.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients referred for visual symptoms after concussion from 2017 to 2018 seen in a single academic outpatient clinic. Pupillometry data of 92 patients were included.