Use of qPCR to monitor 2,4-dinitroanisole degrading bacteria in water and soil slurry cultures.

Unlabelled: Prediction and process monitoring during natural attenuation, bioremediation, and biotreatment require effective strategies for detection and enumeration of the responsible bacteria. The use of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) as a component of insensitive munitions leads to environmental contamination of firing ranges and manufacturing waste streams. Nocardioides sp.

Investigating the association between metabolic syndrome conditions and perinatal mental illness: a national administrative claims study.

Background: Although the association between mental disorder and metabolic syndrome as a bidirectional relationship has been demonstrated, there is little knowledge of the cumulative and individual effect of these conditions on peripartum mental health. This study aims to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome conditions (MetS-C) and maternal mental illness in the perinatal period, while exploring time to incident mental disorder diagnosis in postpartum women.

Methods: This observational study identified perinatal women continuously enrolled 1 year prior to and 1 year post-delivery using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (CDM) from 2014 to 2019 with MetS-C i.

The ratting of North America: A 350-year retrospective on species compositions and competition.

While the impacts of black () and brown () rats on human society are well documented-including the spread of disease, broad-scale environmental destruction, and billions spent annually on animal control-little is known about their ecology and behavior in urban areas due to the challenges of studying animals in city environments. We use isotopic and ZooMS analysis of archaeological (1550s-1900 CE) rat remains from eastern North America to provide a large-scale framework for species arrival, interspecific competition, and dietary ecology. Brown rats arrived earlier than expected and rapidly outcompeted black rats in coastal urban areas.

Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental and .

() and () are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic , including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms.

Synthesis of Benzo[]thiophenes via Electrophilic Sulfur Mediated Cyclization of Alkynylthioanisoles.

A stable dimethyl(thiodimethyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate salt was employed for the electrophilic cyclization reaction of -alkynyl thioanisoles for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[]thiophenes. The reaction described herein works well with various substituted alkynes in excellent yields, and a valuable thiomethyl group was introduced with ease. The reaction utilizes moderate reaction conditions and ambient temperature while tolerating various functionalities.

The influence of personal attitude on instructor intent to integrate online collaborative activities.

Collaborative activities are a method used in higher education to develop the higher-order skills that students need to succeed in today's workforce. However, instructors have continued to make the integration of online collaborative activities a low priority. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of personal attitude on instructor intent to integrate collaborative activities.

Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-Halobenzo[]thiophenes as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents.

The global health concern of antimicrobial resistance has harnessed research interest to find new classes of antibiotics to combat disease-causing pathogens. In our studies, 3-halobenzo[]thiophene derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activities using the broth microdilution susceptibility method. The 3-halo substituted benzo[]thiophenes were synthesized starting from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles using a convenient electrophilic cyclization methodology that utilizes sodium halides as the source of electrophilic halogens when reacted along with copper(II) sulfate.

A study on the cellular and cytotoxic effects of S and Se heterocycles on the myeloid leukemia cell line PLB-985.

This paper describes the synthesis of several halogenated S and Se heterocycles and tests their biological activity by measuring the effects on the myeloid leukemia cell line, PLB-985 cells. We report that select compounds exhibit significant increases in mitochondria membrane potential and increased oxidative stress in PLB-985 cells. Our results contribute to the foundational knowledge of different S and Se containing compounds and their possible impacts on human cells.

Objectivity is a myth that harms the practice and diversity of forensic science.

•Forensic science data are theory laden; pure scientific objectivity is a myth.•Upholding this myth marginalizes forensic scientists with subjective positionalities•Objectivity rhetoric is exclusive; ethical forensic science needs diverse perspectives.•Espousing objectivity prevents us from supporting the communities we serve.

Responding to the American Academy of Forensic Sciences vision, mission, and values statements: Comments, revisions, and proposed actions.

•We call for revisions to the current AAFS vision, mission, and values statements.•Truly aspirational statements will provide guiding principles for forensic scientists.•Revisions should meaningfully engage with issues of diversity and equity.

Addressing Stroke Literacy in Nigeria Through Music: A Qualitative Study of Community Perspectives.

Background: The incidence of stroke in Nigeria is unknown, but stroke literacy, defined here as awareness of stroke warning symptoms and risk factors may be poor in high-risk communities. Although there is growing recognition of the use of music as a conduit to promote health literacy, African music is often overlooked as a source of health information. We sought to understand community-level perspectives on using African music to promote acute stroke literacy.

Endurance Exercise-Induced Autophagy/Mitophagy Coincides with a Reinforced Anabolic State and Increased Mitochondrial Turnover in the Cortex of Young Male Mouse Brain.

Autophagy/mitophagy, a cellular catabolic process necessary for sustaining normal cellular function, has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy against numerous obstinate diseases. In this regard, endurance exercise (EXE)-induced autophagy/mitophagy (EIAM) has been considered as a potential health-enriching factor in various tissues including the brain; however, underlying mechanisms of EIAM in the brain has not been fully defined yet. This study investigated the molecular signaling nexus of EIAM pathways in the cortex of the brain.

Hospital side hustles: Funding conundrums and perverse incentives in Tanzania's publicly-funded health sector.

Following three decades of international financial institutions implementing austerity measures in sub-Saharan Africa, many health systems remain chronically underfinanced. During this period, countries like Tanzania have moved from a post-independence vision of a strong social sector providing free care for citizens, to a model of increased privatization of public health facilities, shifting the burden of self-financing to individual health facilities and the constituents they serve. Drawing on longitudinal ethnographic research and document analysis undertaken between 2008 and 2017 within three publicly-funded hospitals in north-central Tanzania, this article examines the actions and perspectives of administrators to explore how novel shifts towards semi-privatization of public facilities are perceived as taken-for-granted solutions to funding shortfalls.

Geographic Clusters of Alzheimer's Disease Mortality Rates in the USA: 2008-2012.

Importance: The results identified geographic clusters of high and low Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related mortality across the contiguous United States. These clusters identify specific geographic groupings of counties that allow researchers to narrow the focus to identify some of the biopsychosocial variables contributing to increased or decreased AD mortality.

Objectives: To determine the extent to which geographic clusters exist where AD mortality significantly differs from the national average.

Modulation of mitochondrial phenotypes by endurance exercise contributes to neuroprotection against a MPTP-induced animal model of PD.

Aim: Endurance exercise (EE) has been reported to confer neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease (PD); however, underlying molecular mechanisms of the protection remain still unclear. Since mitochondrial impairment is commonly observed in the brain of PD patients and animals, this study investigated whether EE-induced neuroprotection is associated with mitochondrial phenotypes, using a mouse model of PD induced by intraperitoneal administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Main Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were cultured with a neurotoxin MPP known to cause PD-like symptoms to examine if modifications of mitochondrial morphology are linked to etiology of PD.

Endurance Exercise Mediates Neuroprotection Against MPTP-mediated Parkinson's Disease via Enhanced Neurogenesis, Antioxidant Capacity, and Autophagy.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that endurance exercise (EE) confers neuroprotection against PD. However, the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection of dopaminergic neurons in PD remain unclear.

Effects of state-level Earned Income Tax Credit laws in the U.S. on maternal health behaviors and infant health outcomes.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of state-level Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) laws in the U.S. on maternal health behaviors and infant health outcomes.

The Effect of the Health Insurance Mandate on Labor Market Activity and Time Allocation: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Provision.

The primary goal of the federal dependent coverage mandate was to increase health insurance coverage among young adults, the group with the lowest prevalence of health insurance coverage. To understand the full impacts of the federal dependent coverage mandate, it is important to evaluate how the mandate affects labor market activities and time spent away from work among young adults. Using data from the Consumer Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and implementing a difference-in-differences framework, we find: (1) Young adults substitute employer sponsored insurance for dependent coverage, (2) Affected individuals reduce their work time and switch from full- to part-time employment, and (3) The additional time from reduced labor market activity is reallocated towards more time spent on leisure activities, mainly watching television.

The impact of minimum wages on population health: evidence from 24 OECD countries.

This study examines the relationship between minimum wages and several measures of population health by analyzing data from 24 OECD countries for a time period of 31 years. Specifically, I test for health effects as a result of within-country variations in the generosity of minimum wages, which are measured by the Kaitz index. The paper finds that higher levels of minimum wages are associated with significant reductions of overall mortality rates as well as in the number of deaths due to outcomes that have been shown to be more prevalent among individuals with low socioeconomic status (e.

Neuroprotective effects of endurance exercise against neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the main degenerative neurological disorders accompanying death of dopaminergic neurons prevalent in aged population. Endurance exercise (EE) has been suggested to confer neurogenesis and mitigate the degree of seriousness of PD. However, underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise-mediated neuroprotection against PD remain largely unknown.

A Comparison of Prompting Strategies to Teach Intraverbals to an Adolescent with Down Syndrome.

Ingvarsson and Hollobaugh (2011) investigated tact- or echoic-to-intraverbal transfer of stimulus control to "wh" questions for three preschool-aged boys with autism. The current study was a systematic replication of this study with an adolescent girl with Down syndrome. A multielement design was used to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of picture or echoic prompts presented on an iPad or in vivo to teach "wh" questions.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading in a collegiate athlete during sidestep cutting after ACL reconstruction: A case study.

Background: Athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries usually undergo ACL-reconstruction (ACLR) in order to restore joint stability, so that dynamic maneuvers such as the sidestep cut can be performed. Despite restoration of joint stability after ACLR, many athletes do not return to pre-injury levels and may be at a high risk of a second ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not ACL loading, would increase after ACLR.

Regal phylogeography: Range-wide survey of the marine angelfish Pygoplites diacanthus reveals evolutionary partitions between the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.

The regal angelfish (Pygoplites diacanthus; family Pomacanthidae) occurs on reefs from the Red Sea to the central Pacific, with an Indian Ocean/Rea Sea color morph distinct from a Pacific Ocean morph. To assess population differentiation and evaluate the possibility of cryptic evolutionary partitions in this monotypic genus, we surveyed mtDNA cytochrome b and two nuclear introns (S7 and RAG2) in 547 individuals from 15 locations. Phylogeographic analyses revealed four mtDNA lineages (d=0.