Understanding the effects of adduct functionalization on C nanocages for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

In this work, we use experimental and theoretical techniques to study the origin of the boosted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of two pyridyl-pyrrolidine functionalized C fullerenes. Notably, the mono-(pyridyl-pyrrolidine) penta-adduct of C has exhibited a remarkable HER catalytic activity as a metal-free catalyst, delivering an overpotential () of 75 mV RHE and a very low onset potential of -45 mV RHE. This work addresses fundamental questions about how functionalization on C changes the electron density on fullerene cages for high-performance HER electrocatalysis.

Electro-oxidative Deoxyfluorination of Arenes with NEt·3HF.

This report describes the design, development, and optimization of an electrochemical deoxyfluorination of arenes using a tetrafluoropyridine-derived leaving group. NEt·3HF serves as the fluoride source, and the reactions are conducted using either constant potential or constant current electrolysis in an undivided electrochemical cell. Mechanistic studies support a net oxidative pathway, in which initial single-electron oxidation generates a radical cation intermediate that is trapped by fluoride.

NUMB alternative splicing and isoform specific functions in development and disease.

The NUMB gene encodes a conserved adaptor protein with roles in asymmetric cell division and cell fate determination. First described as an inhibitor of Notch signaling, multi-functional NUMB proteins regulate multiple cellular pathways through protein complexes with ubiquitin ligases, polarity proteins and the endocytic machinery. The vertebrate NUMB protein isoforms were identified over two decades ago, yet the majority of functional studies exploring NUMB function in endocytosis, cell migration and adhesion, development and disease have largely neglected the potential for distinct isoform activity in design and interpretation.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Phenology, Yield, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Cowpea.

Background/objectives: Cowpea is an important legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and beyond. However, access to phosphorus (P), a critical element for plant growth and development, is a significant constraint in SSA. Thus, it is essential to have high P-use efficiency varieties to achieve increased yields in environments where little-to- no phosphate fertilizers are applied.

Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia () Through Recombinant Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase.

Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase () enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology to integrate the -encoding gene into the chromosome. In this study, fish were divided into four groups: those fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + vitamin C (VC), a basal diet + wild-type (BS), and a basal diet + recombinant (BS+GULO).

Nanoscale Probing of the Organic Binder in Artists' Paint Layers: Organic Phases and Chemical Heterogeneity.

Understanding paint structures at the nanoscopic level can address key questions related to artistic techniques, paint formulation, and long-term preservation of artworks. This involves examining spatial chemical complexity, the formation of molecular networks, and interactions between organic and inorganic constituents. Depending on the paint preparation methods, proteins and drying oils, the most common binders in traditional artistic practices, can be integrated to produce paints with diverse structures and nanoscale chemical intricacies.

The TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein MEI-P26 modulates the size of Drosophila Type I neuroblast lineages.

The Drosophila TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein (RBP), MEI-P26, has previously been shown to suppress tumor formation in the germline. Here we show that, in the Drosophila larval central brain, cell-type specific expression of MEI-P26 plays a vital role in regulating neural development. MEI-P26 and another TRIM-NHL RBP, Brain tumor (BRAT), have distinct expression patterns in Type I neuroblast (NB) lineages: While both proteins are expressed in NBs, BRAT is expressed in ganglion mother cells (GMCs) but not neurons whereas MEI-P26 is expressed in neurons but not GMCs.

Trauma, Justice, and Equity: Using Critical Theories and Concepts to Address Systemic Harm Among Youth Punishment System-Involved Black Girls.

This review critically evaluates the existing literature on youth punishment system (YPS)-involved Black girls and their intersections of with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It synthesizes findings from previous studies, identifying key research trends, gaps, and controversies, while also highlighting areas in need of further investigation. Black girls, particularly those involved in systems such as juvenile justice, child welfare, and education, often face disproportionate exposure to violence, abuse and neglect, trauma, and systemic racism.

Manipulating Intracellular Oxidative Conditions to Enhance Porphyrin Production in .

Being essential intermediates for the biosynthesis of heme, chlorophyll, and several other biologically critical compounds, porphyrins have wide practical applications. However, up till now, their bio-based production remains challenging. In this study, we identified potential metabolic factors limiting the biosynthesis of type-III stereoisomeric porphyrins in .

The association between total social exposure and incident multimorbidity: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is associated with the social determinants of health. Using comprehensive linked population-representative data, we sought to understand the combined effect of multiple social determinants on multimorbidity incidence in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Ontario respondents aged 20-55 in 2001-2011 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey were linked to administrative health data ascertain multimorbidity status until 2022.

Cause of Death Analysis in a 9½-Year-Old with COVID-19 and Dravet Syndrome.

: Cause of death analysis is fundamental to forensic pathology. We present the case of a 9½-year-old girl with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of Dravet syndrome who died in her sleep with no evidence of motor seizure. She also had a lifelong history of recurrent pneumonias and, along with her family, had tested positive for COVID-19 10 days before death.

Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Large Language Models in Basic Medical Science Examinations: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely applied across many fields, including medical education. Content validation and its answers are based on training datasets and the optimization of each model. The accuracy of large language model (LLMs) in basic medical examinations and factors related to their accuracy have also been explored.

The prevalence and burden of musculoskeletal disorders amongst Indigenous people in Pimicikamak, northern Manitoba, Canada: A community health survey.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of spine symptoms and spine disability, self-care and care seeking behaviors in a random sample of Indigenous adults residing in Cross Lake, northern Manitoba, Canada.

Study Design And Setting: Orally administered survey in Cree or English to a representative sample of Pimicikamak citizens from the treaty ( = 150/1931 houses) and non-treaty ( = 20/92 houses) land, between May and July 2023. Questions ( = 154) were derived from the 2018 First Nations Regional Health Survey, 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey, and 2021 The Global Burden of Disease study, covering demographics, spine symptoms, chronic conditions, activity limitations, general health, self-care, medication, and satisfaction with care.

Implementation of a sexual health clinic in an oncology setting: patient and provider perspectives.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is prevalent among cancer survivors, significantly impacting patient and partner quality of life. Despite this, sexual health clinics (SHCs) remain rare in cancer centres across Canada. An innovative clinic was developed at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Canada to address this significant gap in survivorship care.

Effect of crosslinker length in CNF foams for oil recovery and sustainable agriculture.

Chemically crosslinked foams possess good wet mechanical stability, and they are promising systems for applications in oil recovery, water treatment, energy storage, etc. However, reports on the effect of crosslinker length on the physical properties of the foam are scarce. Various cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams (denoted as CPM) were prepared using different molecular weights dicarboxylated-PEG crosslinkers via the esterification reaction.

Measurement properties of the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QoL) and Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life (SCI-QoL) measurement systems: a systematic review.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury impact all areas of individuals' quality of life. A synthesis of available evidence for the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QoL) and Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life (SCI-QoL) measurement systems could inform evidence-based clinical practice and research. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the literature of existing evidence on the measurement properties of SCI-QoL and TBI-QoL among rehabilitation populations.

Development of qPCR methods to detect and quantify the novel Fusarium graminearum 3ANX chemotype variant.

The devastating plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces mycotoxins including the novel 3ANX toxin. To detect 3ANX-producing isolates, SYBR Green and locked nucleic acid probe assays were developed, targeting 3ANX Tri1 polymorphisms. Assays were efficient with R > 0.

Reactivity of Anomalous Aziridines for Versatile Access to High Fsp Amine Chemical Space.

ConspectusThe manipulation of strained rings is a powerful strategy for accessing the valuable chemical frameworks present in natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Aziridines, the smallest N-containing heterocycles, have long served as building blocks for constructing more complex amine-containing scaffolds. Traditionally, the reactivity of typical aziridines has been focused on ring-opening by nucleophiles or the formation of 1,3-dipoles.

Biomaterial-based strategies for primary human corneal endothelial cells for therapeutic applications: from cell expansion to transplantable carrier.

The treatment of corneal blindness due to corneal diseases and injuries often requires the transplantation of healthy cadaveric corneal endothelial graft tissue to restore corneal clarity and visual function. However, the limited availability of donor corneas poses a significant challenge in meeting the demand for corneal transplantation. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing strategies alleviate this unmet need, and one of the postulated approaches is to isolate and expand primary human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) for use in cell therapy.

Controlled PVA Release from Chemical-Physical Interpenetrating Networks to Treat Dry Eyes.

Dry eye disease is becoming increasingly prevalent, and lubricating eye drops, a mainstay of its treatment, have a short duration of time on the ocular surface. Although there are various drug delivery methods to increase the ocular surface residence time of a topical lubricant, the main problem is the burst release from these delivery systems. To overcome this limitation, herein, a chemical-physical interpenetrating network (IPN) was fabricated to take control over the release of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a well-known therapeutic agent used to stabilize tear film, from gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels.

Nursing knowledge in cardio-oncology: results of an international learning needs-assessment survey.

Background: With early detection and improvements in systemic and local therapies, millions of people are surviving cancer, but for some at a high cost. In some cancer types, cardiovascular disease now competes with recurrent cancer as the cause of death. Traditional care models, in which the cardiologist or oncologist assess patients individually, do not address complex cancer and cardiovascular needs.

Metabolic syndrome and its effect on immune cells in apical periodontitis- a narrative review.

Objectives: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory immune response in periapical tissues caused by microbial infections. Failure of root canal treatment or delayed healing is often due to intracanal or extra-radicular bacteria. However, beyond microbial factors, the patient's systemic health can significantly influence the progression and healing of AP.

Methods and Practical Considerations for Conducting Budget Impact Analysis for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions.

Background: Health technology assessment (HTA) can be conducted at the national, provincial, or hospital level. Although provincial and hospital-based HTAs often focus on non-pharmaceutical interventions, budget impact analysis (BIA) methods for non-pharmaceutical interventions have received less attention in the literature.

Methods: We reviewed HTAs of non-pharmaceutical interventions published since 2015 by a Canadian provincial HTA agency, evaluating the characteristics and challenges of conducting a BIA.

Visible-Light-Induced Synthesis of Esters via a Self-Propagating Radical Reaction.

We herein disclose a visible-light-induced synthesis of aryl esters through the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of aldehydes with phenols using BrCCl, in which phenolate functions as both a substrate and a photosensitizer. This transition-metal- and photocatalyst-free visible-light-induced esterification is suitable for a wide range of substrates and gives moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%). Mechanistic studies provided evidence of a self-propagating radical reaction involving homolytic cleavage of the aldehydic C-H bond and the formation of acyl bromides.

Integrating C-H Information to Improve Machine Learning Classification Models for Microplastic Identification from Raman Spectra.

Research has shown microplastic particles to be pervasive pollutants in the natural environment, but labor-intensive sample preparation, data acquisition, and analysis protocols continue to be necessary to navigate their diverse chemistry. Machine learning (ML) classification models have shown promise for identifying microplastics from their Raman spectra, but all attempts to date have focused on the lower energy "fingerprint" region of the spectrum. We explore strategies to improve ML classification models based on the -nearest-neighbor algorithm by including other regions of the Raman spectra.