The Relationship Between Interaural Insertion-Depth Differences, Scalar Location, and Interaural Time-Difference Processing in Adult Bilateral Cochlear-Implant Listeners.

Sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) in acoustic hearing involves comparison of interaurally frequency-matched inputs. Bilateral cochlear-implant arrays are, however, only approximately aligned in angular insertion depth and scalar location across the cochleae. Interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch therefore has the potential to impact binaural perception.

Sociodemographic Factors and Neighborhood/Environmental Conditions Associated with Social Isolation Among Black Older Adults.

To investigate sociodemographic factors and neighborhood/environmental conditions associated with social isolation (SI) among Black older adults. We utilized data from the 2014 and 2016 Leave-Behind Questionnaire from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS LBQ) among those who self-identified as Black ( = 2.323).

Managing One's Age in Age-Dissimilar Mentoring Relationships.

The aging of the workforce creates opportunities for experienced employees to share expertise with newer employees, via mentoring relationships. Age-dissimilar interactions, however, like those between mentor and protégé, can engender challenging interpersonal dynamics such as concern about how others view and respond to them. The current study examines the unique challenges and opportunities of age-dissimilar mentoring relationships, using a sample of doctor and lawyer protégés.

Computational Fontan Analysis: Preserving Accuracy While Expediting Workflow.

Postoperative outcomes of the Fontan operation have been linked to geometry of the cavopulmonary pathway, including graft shape after implantation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to explore different surgical options. The objective of this study is to perform a systematic validation for investigating the accuracy and efficiency of CFD simulation to predict Fontan hemodynamics.

Predictive Utility of Alternate Measures of Physical Activity and Diet for Overweight and Obesity in Low-Income Minority Women.

Purpose: The purpose is to compare the predictive utility of alternate measures of diet and physical activity for overweight and obesity among low-income minority women.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study.

Setting: Three public housing developments in South Los Angeles.

What Could Interfere with a Good Night's Sleep? The Risks of Social Isolation, Poor Physical and Psychological Health among Older Adults in China.

This study provides one of the first population-based investigations of the longitudinal association between social isolation and sleep difficulty among older adults in China. We analyzed three waves of longitudinal data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (2014-2018), in which 8456 respondents contributed 16,156 person-year observations. Results from multilevel logistic regression models showed that social isolation was related to a higher risk of sleep difficulty.

Intergenerational Caregiving Patterns, Living Arrangements, and Life Satisfaction of Adults in Mid and Later Life in China.

While the health implications of intergenerational caregiving have been broadly investigated in the aging literature, less is known about caregivers in four-generation families and their living arrangements. Using 2011 and 2013 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( = 12,914 obs.), we document enhanced life satisfaction of grandchild caregivers and sandwich caregivers caring for both grandchildren and parents than non-caregivers.

Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Delaware.

Potential disparities in the distribution of poultry CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) and meat-processing facilities across Delaware were explored with regards to sociodemographic factors including race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. We conducted buffer analyses of CAFO host census tracts alongside sociodemographic data in order to explore populations in proximity to the Delaware chicken industry. We conducted a hotspot analysis of CAFOs to find areas with large concentrations of poultry operations and applied zero-inflation regression models to determine if there's a relationship between sociodemographic composition and number of CAFOs/meat- processing facilities in Delaware.

Frailty as a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes After Peripheral Vascular Surgery in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Background: Frailty and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are each independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients who undergo lower extremity vascular bypass operations (LEOs). It is not known whether frailty imparts additional risk to patients with ESRD having LEO.

Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of 29 203 patients without ESRD and 1718 with ESRD who had LEO surgery between the years 2014 and 2018 extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Intervening With Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up to Reduce Behavior Problems Among Children Adopted Internationally: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Children who have been adopted internationally often exhibit persistent behavior problems. The current study assessed the efficacy of the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention (ABC; Dozier & Bernard, 2019) for reducing behavior problems in 122 children adopted internationally. Behavior problems were measured via parent-report using the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment at a pre-intervention visit and after the intervention when children were between 18 and 36 months.

Association between relationship characteristics and willingness to use PrEP among same-sex male couples: a cross-sectional actor-partner analysis in Guangzhou, China.

The association between relationship characteristics and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) acceptability among same-sex male couples has been limitedly examined. Dyadic survey data of 139 concordant HIV-negative same-sex male couples in Guangzhou, China were collected. The willingness to use PrEP was measured assuming that the participant's partner was HIV-positive.

Willingness of Black and White Adults to Accept Vaccines in Development: An Exploratory Study Using National Survey Data.

Purpose: Explore acceptability of vaccines in development: cancer, Type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Lyme disease, Ebola, and obesity. Research questions: To what extent does acceptability vary by vaccine type? To what extent does acceptability of vaccines in development vary by race and other key demographics? To what extent are general vaccine hesitancy and key demographics associated with acceptability of vaccines in development?

Design: Cross-sectional online survey administered through GfK's KnowledgePanel in 2015. Analysis completed in 2020.

Clinicians, cooks, and cashiers: Examining health equity and the COVID-19 risks to essential workers.

In Spring/Summer 2020, most individuals living in the United States experienced several months of social distancing and stay-at-home orders because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinicians, restaurant cooks, cashiers, transit operators, and other essential workers (EWs), however, continued to work outside the home during this time in order to keep others alive and maintain a functioning society. In the United States, EWs are often low-income persons of color who are more likely to face socioeconomic vulnerabilities, systemic racism, and health inequities.