Audiovisual Speech Perception Benefits are Stable from Preschool through Adolescence.

The ability to leverage visual cues in speech perception - especially in noisy backgrounds - is well established from infancy to adulthood. Yet, the developmental trajectory of audiovisual benefits stays a topic of debate. The inconsistency in findings can be attributed to relatively small sample sizes or tasks that are not appropriate for given age groups.

Warfarin Time in Therapeutic INR Range and Direct Oral Anticoagulant Adherence for Venous Thromboembolism Across the Spectrum of Weight and Body Mass Index: Findings from Veterans Health Administration.

The evidence of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) usage for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients at extremes of body weight or mass index is limited. In such situations, warfarin may be more frequently used. We investigated warfarin time in the therapeutic international normalized ratio range (TTR) and DOAC adherence based on the calculated proportion of days covered (PDC) by pill coverage from a DOAC prescription in patients with VTE across all body sizes.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Pediatric Dystonia: A Review of the Literature and Suggested Programming Algorithm.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established intervention for use in pediatric movement disorders, especially dystonia. Although multiple publications have provided guidelines for deep brain stimulation patient selection and programming in adults, there are no evidence-based or consensus statements published for pediatrics. The result is lack of standardized care and underutilization of this effective treatment.

Day-to-Day Decision Making by Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer must negotiate the transition between childhood and adulthood while dealing with a life-threatening illness. AYA involvement in decision making varies depending on the type of decision and when decisions occur during treatment, and evidence suggests that AYAs want to be involved in decision making. To explore involvement of AYAs with cancer in day-to-day decisions affected by their cancer and treatment.

Surgical Repair of Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis in Association With Transverse and Proximal Descending Aortic Abnormalities.

Background: Supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) may be an isolated defect of the proximal ascending aorta. However, more severe cases have extension of the arteriopathy into the transverse and proximal descending aorta. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with SVAS with and without aortic arch arteriopathy.

Stress is a Latent Construct: Exploring the Differential Experience of Stress and Discrimination on Depressive Symptoms Among Black Older Adults.

While evidence highlights the detrimental mental health consequences of chronic stress exposure, the impact of this stress exposure on older Black Americans' mental health varies by exposure to other types of stressors like discrimination as well as subjective evaluations of stress like chronic stress appraisal. Using data from the 2010/2012 Health and Retirement Study, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to describe 2,415 Black older adults experience with chronic stress exposure, appraisal, and discrimination and examine which stress contexts are associated with depressive symptomology. Analyses revealed five stress clusters-demonstrating the diversity in the stress experience for older Black adults.

Overlooked Potential of Business-Inclusive Networks to Amplify Anchoring Activity Impact.

Mobilizing anchor institutions to promote community health and wellbeing is gaining prominence as an approach to systems change. Anchors are often conceptualized as large, locally rooted, nonprofits that leverage their resources for local benefit. However, existing literature underemphasizes 2 opportunities to enhance the systemic impact of anchoring activity: (1) coordinated action by anchoring networks that include diverse, multi-level stakeholders-a hallmark of health promotion and (2) the potential contributions of the business sector to anchoring networks.

U.S. Abortion Care Providers' Perspectives on Self-Managed Abortion.

State-level restrictions on abortion access may prompt greater numbers of people to self-manage their abortion. The few studies exploring perspectives of providers towards self-managed abortion are focused on physicians and advanced practice clinicians. Little is known about the wider spectrum of abortion care providers who encounter self-managed abortion in their clinic-based work.

The American Venous Forum, American Vein and Lymphatic Society and the Society for Vascular Medicine expert opinion consensus on lymphedema diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Lymphedema imposes a significant economic and social burden in modern societies. Controversies about its risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment permeate the literature. The goal of this study was to assess experts' opinions on the available literature on lymphedema while following the Delphi methodology.

Genetic basis of thermal nociceptive sensitivity and brain weight in a BALB/c reduced complexity cross.

Thermal nociception involves the transmission of temperature-related noxious information from the periphery to the CNS and is a heritable trait that could predict transition to persistent pain. Rodent forward genetics complement human studies by controlling genetic complexity and environmental factors, analysis of end point tissue, and validation of variants on appropriate genetic backgrounds. Reduced complexity crosses between nearly identical inbred substrains with robust trait differences can greatly facilitate unbiased discovery of novel genes and variants.

Impact of renal chimney intra-aortic stent length on branch and end-stent angle in chimney endovascular aneurysm repair and endovascular aneurysm sealing configurations.

Objective: Practice patterns and durability of parallel stent graft techniques in complex endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) remain poorly defined. We aimed to quantify and compare the impact of renal chimney intra-aortic stent length (IASL) on geometric deformations of renal arteries in complex EVAR.

Methods: Thirty-eight nonconsecutive patients underwent EVAR utilizing parallel stent graft techniques (chimney EVAR [chEVAR], = 28; chimney endovascular aneurysm sealing [chEVAS], = 10) between 2010 and 2016.

Moral Injury during the COVID-19 pandemic: A delphi model survey of family medicine residents.

Objectives: The objective is to investigate the primary factors that created experiences leading to moral injury in family medicine residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and also to identify any barriers keeping these residents from seeking or receiving help when they experienced moral injury.

Method: A DELPHI model study utilizing three rounds of surveys was conducted at four family medicine residency programs in the United States. Resident responses to Survey 1 generated factors perceived to be causing them moral injury or constituting barriers to their seeking help.

The Healthcare Journey of Women With Advanced Gynecological Cancer From Diagnosis Through Terminal Illness: Qualitative Analysis of Progress Note Data.

Objective: To examine women's journeys with gynecologic cancer from before diagnosis through death and identify elements of their healthcare experience that warrant improvement.

Methods: This exploratory study used longitudinal progress notes data from a multispecialty practice in Northern California. The sample included women with stage IV gynecological cancer diagnosed after 2011 and who died before 2018.

Ocular adverse events following intravitreal brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration at a single tertiary care center.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of ocular adverse effects (AEs) following brolucizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration at a tertiary academic institution.

Design: Retrospective, single center cohort study.

Participants: All patients who received an intravitreal injection of brolucizumab 6 mg for neovascular age-related macular degeneration between October 7, 2019 and July 31, 2020.

Resection Status Does Not Impact Recurrence in Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Extremity.

Background: Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is a low-grade soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence. The necessity of obtaining microscopically free surgical margins (R0) to minimize local recurrence is not clear. This study evaluates recurrence-free survival (RFS) of extremity WDLPS in relation to resection margin status.

Near Disappearance of Splenorrhaphy as an Operative Strategy for Splenic Preservation After Trauma.

Background: Splenorrhaphy was once used to achieve splenic preservation in up to 40% of splenic injuries. With increasing use of nonoperative management and angioembolization, operative therapy is less common and splenic injuries treated operatively are usually high grade. Patients are often unstable, making splenic salvage unwise.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: A Current Analysis of General Surgery Residency Programs.

Background: Local, regional, and national diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives have been established to combat barriers to entry and promote retention in surgery residency programs. Our study evaluates changes in diversity in general surgery residency programs. We hypothesize that diversity trends have remained stable nationally and regionally.

Are California's Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions Effective in Reducing the Retail Availability of Flavored Tobacco Products? A Multicomponent Evaluation.

Introduction: Flavored tobacco appeals to new users. This paper describes evaluation results of California's early ordinances restricting flavored tobacco sales.

Methods: A multicomponent evaluation of proximal policy outcomes involved the following: (a) tracking the reach of local ordinances; (b) a retail observation survey; and (c) a statewide opinion poll of tobacco retailers.

Epidemiological Profile and Clinicopathological, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Northern Morocco.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a multifactorial disease mainly affecting the Asian and North African populations including Morocco. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Northern Morocco as well as its clinicopathological, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics.

Methods: 129 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma followed at the regional center of oncology of Tangier in the period between April 2017 and July 2019, and diagnosed elsewhere from March 2000 to February 2019, were included in this study.

Cor Triatriatum in Association With a Unique Form of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection.

Cor triatriatum may be associated with abnormalities of pulmonary venous anatomy. This case report describes a unique form of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The patient presented at 5 weeks of age with symptoms of tachypnea and poor feeding.

Fascia Temporalis as Tympanic Graft: A Swedish and German Story.

Fascia temporalis is the most widely used graft for reconstruction of the tympanic membrane. Its story began at the turn of the 1960s. Some historical reports credit the American otolaryngologist Lloyd A.

Extended Anterior Inferior Approach to Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy for Maxillary Sinus Lesions.

Background: Myriad open and endoscopic approaches are employed to resect maxillary sinus lesions, each with associated advantages and disadvantages. The inferior and anterior portion of the sinus remains a challenging space to access.

Objectives: To describe the extended anterior inferior approach to endoscopic medial maxillectomy (EAMM) as a novel and valuable addition to a stepwise approach for minimizing surgical morbidity without compromising tumor outcomes.

Depression Diagnosis Modeling With Advanced Computational Methods: Frequency-Domain eMVAR and Deep Learning.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based automated depression diagnosis systems have been suggested for early and accurate detection of mood disorders. EEG signals are highly irregular, nonlinear, and nonstationary in nature and are traditionally studied from a linear viewpoint by means of statistical and frequency features. Since, linear metrics present certain limitations and nonlinear methods have proven to be an efficient tool in understanding the complexities of the brain in the identification of underlying behavior of biological signals, such as electrocardiogram, EEG and magnetoencephalogram and thus, can be applied to all nonstationary signals.

A Systematic Review of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Orthodontic Airway Plate for Airway Obstruction Treatment in Pierre Robin Sequence.

Objective: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is frequently performed to address airway obstruction in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), though more recently the technique of orthodontic airway plating (OAP) has gained traction. We aimed to evaluate OAP compared to MDO for airway obstruction in PRS.

Design: A systematic literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar identified all studies published in English, which involved MDO or any form of OAP as treatments for PRS.

Effects of Age on White Matter Microstructure in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often report cognitive challenges, though the etiology of such remains an area of active investigation. With the advent of treatments that may affect white matter microstructure, understanding the effects of age on white matter aberrancies in NF1 becomes crucial in determining the timing of such therapeutic interventions. A cross-sectional study was performed with diffusion tensor imaging from 18 NF1 children and 26 age-matched controls.