Infection-nutrition feedbacks: fat supports pathogen clearance but pathogens reduce fat in a wild mammal.

Though far less obvious than direct effects (clinical disease or mortality), the indirect influences of pathogens are difficult to estimate but may hold fitness consequences. Here, we disentangle the directional relationships between infection and energetic reserves, evaluating the hypotheses that energetic reserves influence infection status of the host and that infection elicits costs to energetic reserves. Using repeated measures of fat reserves and infection status in individual bighorn sheep () in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, we documented that fat influenced ability to clear pathogens () and infection with respiratory pathogens was costly to fat reserves.

Social determinants of health literacy among parents and caregivers in the US-Affiliated Pacific.

Health literacy is understudied in the US-Affiliated Pacific (USAP), where local populations have historically experienced social marginalization and disproportionate health inequities caused by the social determinants of health (SDOH). This cross-sectional study analyzed several SDOH indicators-acculturation, use of food assistance programs and demographic characteristics (race and ethnicity, household income, primary language spoken at home and educational attainment)-and their relationship to health literacy among 1305 parents/caregivers of young children ages 2-8 years old who participated in the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) program in Alaska, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and Hawai'i. Significantly increased odds of low health literacy were found among parents/caregivers with households where a language other than English was the primary language compared to English-only households (OR = 1.

Largely invariant communities of bacterial endophytes in the nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant Pterospora andromedea.

Premise: Mycoheterotrophic plants rely on fungi to obtain their carbon requirements. Recent experiments demonstrated the presence of endophytic bacteria associated with mycoheterotrophs. Although mycoheterotrophs show high specificity for their fungal partners, it is not known whether they also show high specificity for associated bacteria or whether the bacteria have a definite function in the symbiosis.

Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as proxies of X-ray resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants were irradiated with different doses (0.3, 10, 50 and 100 Gy) of X-rays in order to obtain a reference curve of response to ionizing radiations for this species.

Plasmonic Thermal Decomposition/Digestion of Proteins: A Rapid On-Surface Protein Digestion Technique for Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

A method based on plasmon surface resonance absorption and heating was developed to perform a rapid on-surface protein thermal decomposition and digestion suitable for imaging mass spectrometry (MS) and/or profiling. This photothermal process or plasmonic thermal decomposition/digestion (plasmonic-TDD) method incorporates a continuous wave (CW) laser excitation and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) to induce known thermal decomposition reactions that cleave peptides and proteins specifically at the C-terminus of aspartic acid and at the N-terminus of cysteine. These thermal decomposition reactions are induced by heating a solid protein sample to temperatures between 200 and 270 °C for a short period of time (10-50 s per 200 μm segment) and are reagentless and solventless, and thus are devoid of sample product delocalization.

Increased phylogenetic resolution within the ecologically important Rhizopogon subgenus Amylopogon using 10 anonymous nuclear loci.

Rhizopogon species are ecologically significant ectomycorrhizal fungi in conifer ecosystems. The importance of this system merits the development and utilization of a more robust set of molecular markers specifically designed to evaluate their evolutionary ecology. Anonymous nuclear loci (ANL) were developed for R.

Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods.

The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum).

Method for Attaining Caraway Seed Oil Fractions with Different Composition.

Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant; its seeds (fruits) are used as spice and they contain essential oils. We hypothesized that by collecting caraway oil at different time points during the extraction process, we could obtain oil fractions with distinct chemical composition.

First record of the genus Caenophanes Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) for America north of Mexico with a description of a new species from Wyoming USA .

The first species of Caenophanes Foerster recorded from America north of Mexico is described: Caenophanes harlowi Haimowitz and Marsh, and a key to distinguish the two described New World species is provided. We discuss evidence that suggests that Caenophanes is likely to have cosmopolitan distribution and may be more common than might be anticipated from the current number of described species.

Primitive layered gabbros from fast-spreading lower oceanic crust.

Three-quarters of the oceanic crust formed at fast-spreading ridges is composed of plutonic rocks whose mineral assemblages, textures and compositions record the history of melt transport and crystallization between the mantle and the sea floor. Despite the importance of these rocks, sampling them in situ is extremely challenging owing to the overlying dykes and lavas. This means that models for understanding the formation of the lower crust are based largely on geophysical studies and ancient analogues (ophiolites) that did not form at typical mid-ocean ridges.

Excessive drinking in college: behavioral outcome, not binge, as a basis for prevention.

The dichotomous variable "binge drinking" and its associated outcomes may be insufficient for understanding the drinking phenomenon on college campuses. The current study examined the behavioral outcomes associated with different drinking nights (light, typical, and heavy) in an effort to more closely examine collegiate drinking behavior. Data were collected from 236 university students, including hourly drinking rate, estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was computed, and outcomes for each drinking night.