Automated patient-robot assignment for a robotic rehabilitation gym: a simplified simulation model.

Background: A robotic rehabilitation gym can be defined as multiple patients training with multiple robots or passive sensorized devices in a group setting. Recent work with such gyms has shown positive rehabilitation outcomes; furthermore, such gyms allow a single therapist to supervise more than one patient, increasing cost-effectiveness. To allow more effective multipatient supervision in future robotic rehabilitation gyms, we propose an automated system that could dynamically assign patients to different robots within a session in order to optimize rehabilitation outcome.

Wildlife Disease Monitoring: Methods and Perspectives.

In the last few decades, scientific interest in wildlife diseases has steadily grown and has recently been boosted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which highlighted that the health of humans, livestock, wildlife and, ultimately, of the whole environment is inextricably linked [...

Association between use of electronic vaping products and insufficient sleep among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 and 2019 YRBS.

Background And Objective: Although studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and sleep outcomes among adolescents in the United States, few studies have examined the association between electronic vaping products (EVPs) use and insufficient sleep among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between the use of EVPs and insufficient sleep among adolescents.

Methods: Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Who's at greatest risk? Latent profiles of alcohol and cannabis use and related consequences among college students.

Background: There is significant heterogeneity in alcohol and cannabis use patterns among college students, with some engaging in use patterns that heighten their risk for adverse consequences. Person-centered approaches can help identify those subgroups of students with riskier use patterns. Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify subgroups based on alcohol and cannabis use frequency and quantity, to explore demographic covariates and to examine mean differences across subgroups on alcohol- and cannabis-related consequences, simultaneous use, and other substance use.

The current state of carnivore cognition.

The field of animal cognition has advanced rapidly in the last 25 years. Through careful and creative studies of animals in captivity and in the wild, we have gained critical insights into the evolution of intelligence, the cognitive capacities of a diverse array of taxa, and the importance of ecological and social environments, as well as individual variation, in the expression of cognitive abilities. The field of animal cognition, however, is still being influenced by some historical tendencies.

Complete mitochondrial genomes and updated divergence time of the two freshwater clupeids endemic to Lake Tanganyika (Africa) suggest intralacustrine speciation.

Background: The hydrogeological history of Lake Tanganyika paints a complex image of several colonization and adaptive radiation events. The initial basin was formed around 9-12 million years ago (MYA) from the predecessor of the Malagarasi-Congo River and only 5-6 MYA, its sub-basins fused to produce the clear, deep waters of today. Next to the well-known radiations of cichlid fishes, the lake also harbours a modest clade of only two clupeid species, Stolothrissa tanganicae and Limnothrissa miodon.

The theory of transport in helical spin-structure crystals.

We study helical structures in spin-spiral single crystals. In the continuum approach for the helicity potential energy the simple electronic band splits into two non-parabolic bands. For low exchange integrals, the lower band is described by a surface with a saddle shape in the direction of the helicity axis.

Heat-induced formation of advanced glycation end-products in ground pork as affected by the addition of acetic acid or citric acid and the storage duration prior to the heat treatments.

The heat-induced (121 °C, 10 or 30 min) formation of two potentially hazardous advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), protein-bound -carboxymethyllysine (CML) and -carboxyethyllysine (CEL), in pork as affected by citric or acetic acid (0.5, 1 g/100 pork) and the storage duration (0 °C, 0 - 8 d) prior to the heating was investigated. A longer storage time of raw pork resulted in higher levels of AGEs produced during the later heating, likely due to the accumulation of some AGE precursors during the storage.

A fast, ultrasensitive SERS immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for accurate, rapid, point-of-care diagnostics to control disease transmission. We have developed a simple, ultrasensitive single-particle surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) immunoassay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in saliva. This assay relies on the use of single chain Fv (scFv) recombinant antibody expressed in E.

COVID-19 in the Courtroom: The Role of Mask Mandates and Source of Exposure on Negligence and Recklessness Decisions.

The current study examined whether business owners would be found liable for an employee's illness from COVID-19 contracted at work. We varied whether there was a mask mandate at the time of the employee's exposure (Yes or No), how the employee was exposed (an unmasked customer, an unmasked owner who forgot her mask, or an unmasked owner who did not require masks in her store) and measured participants' political orientation. Participants ( = 257) read and listened to a trial transcript about an employee that contracted COVID-19 at her workplace and was suing her employer for compensation to cover hospital bills.

Development and validation of a scale for the tendency to exercise in response to mood, eating, and body image cues: the Reactive Exercise Scale (RES).

Purpose: Earlier work on engaging in physical exercise when experiencing negative affect demonstrated robust associations with eating disorder (ED) behaviors and attitudes; however, measurement of the behavior was primitive, relying on one yes/no question that cannot capture much variability. We report on the development of a self-report measure, the Reactive Exercise Scale (RES), that disentangles the tendency to engage in exercise in response to negative mood cues from the tendency to engage in exercise in response to eating and body image cues, which themselves may be associated with negative mood. The measure also assesses exercising in response to positive mood cues.

COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

Aim: Individual-level COVID-19 vaccination and related preventive health behaviors is politically polarized in the United States. We examined whether the current polarization in COVID-19 health behavior may be explained by differences in trust in healthcare, locus of control, or insurance status.

Subject And Methods: Our sample includes 553 US adults recruited on Amazon MTurk.

First-order and gradual phase transitions of ethane confined in MCM-41.

The first-order phase transition of ethane confined in MCM-41, , capillary condensation, has been measured using an isochoric cooling procedure by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under conditions ranging from 206 K and 1.1 bar up to the pore critical point (PCP). The PCP has also been determined using the three-line method developed earlier based on the vanishing heat of phase transition.

A Review of Non-Invasive Sampling in Wildlife Disease and Health Research: What's New?

In the last decades, wildlife diseases and the health status of animal populations have gained increasing attention from the scientific community as part of a One Health framework. Furthermore, the need for non-invasive sampling methods with a minimal impact on wildlife has become paramount in complying with modern ethical standards and regulations, and to collect high-quality and unbiased data. We analysed the publication trends on non-invasive sampling in wildlife health and disease research and offer a comprehensive review on the different samples that can be collected non-invasively.

Links between personality traits and problem-solving performance in zebra finches ().

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time or contexts (i.e. personality types) have been found in many species and have implications for fitness.

Gradual Decline of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Populations in Michigan Follows Establishment of Ovavesicula popilliae (Microsporidia).

The purpose of this research was to document the incidence of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), infection by the microsporidian pathogen, Ovavesicula popilliae Andreadis & Hanula (Microsporida: Pleistophoridae) while monitoring Japanese beetle populations at nine golf courses in Michigan from 1999 to 2018. We also compared the current distribution of the pathogen in Michigan to the known distribution in 1999. Beetles were sampled a total of seven different years, in three time periods: 1999-2000, 2005-2007, and 2015-2018.

Aberrant neural activity in prefrontal pyramidal neurons lacking TDP-43 precedes neuron loss.

Mislocalization of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TARDBP, or TDP-43) is a principal pathological hallmark identified in cases of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). As an RNA binding protein, TDP-43 serves in the nuclear compartment to repress non-conserved cryptic exons to ensure the normal transcriptome. Multiple lines of evidence from animal models and human studies support the view that loss of TDP-43 leads to neuron loss, independent of its cytosolic aggregation.

Adjustment of key lane change parameters to develop microsimulation models for representative assessment of safety and operational impacts of adverse weather using SHRP2 naturalistic driving data.

Introduction: Adverse weather has a considerable negative impact on safety and mobility of transportation networks. Microsimulation models are one of the potential tools that could be used to evaluate the safety and operational impacts of adverse weather. The development of a realistic microsimulation model requires the adjustment of driving behavior parameters with disaggregate trajectory-level data.

A polygenic architecture with habitat-dependent effects underlies ecological differentiation in Silene.

Ecological differentiation can drive speciation but it is unclear how the genetic architecture of habitat-dependent fitness contributes to lineage divergence. We investigated the genetic architecture of cumulative flowering, a fitness component, in second-generation hybrids between Silene dioica and Silene latifolia transplanted into the natural habitat of each species. We used reduced-representation sequencing and Bayesian sparse linear mixed models (BSLMMs) to analyze the genetic control of cumulative flowering in each habitat.

The Genetic Population Structure of Lake Tanganyika's Lates Species Flock, an Endemic Radiation of Pelagic Top Predators.

Understanding genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in species conservation decisions, and genetic connectivity is an important component of modern fisheries management. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of four endemic Lates species of Lake Tanganyika (Lates stappersii, L. microlepis, L.

Striatal direct pathway neurons play leading roles in accelerating rotarod motor skill learning.

Dorsal striatum is important for movement control and motor skill learning. However, it remains unclear how the spatially and temporally distributed striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) activity in the direct and indirect pathways (D1 and D2 MSNs, respectively) encodes motor skill learning. Combining miniature fluorescence microscopy with an accelerating rotarod procedure, we identified two distinct MSN subpopulations involved in accelerating rotarod learning.