Diffusion tensor imaging findings suggestive of white matter alterations in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

Purpose We investigated fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). We hypothesized that canines affected with MPS would exhibit decreased FA and increased RD values when compared to unaffected canines, a trend that has been previously described in humans with white matter diseases. Methods Four unaffected canines and two canines with MPS were euthanized at 18 weeks of age.

Genetic Basis of Positive and Negative Symptom Domains in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, the genetic etiology of which has been well established. Yet despite significant advances in genetics research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder largely remain unknown. This gap has been attributed to the complexity of the polygenic disorder, which has a heterogeneous clinical profile.

Children's Sense of Control as a Determinant of Adult Health: Causation, Mediation, and Spuriousness.

Previous research suggests higher levels of education instill a greater sense of internal control that promotes health in adulthood. We propose that the sense of control has its origins in early childhood and that prior research has possibly misattributed a mediational role to sense of control in adulthood. Using a conceptual framework that includes these early influences, we employ data from the 1970 British Cohort Study ( N = 9,855), examining the extent to which the association between education and adult health is spurious due to these early childhood factors.

Percutaneous Treatment of Unstable Scaphoid Waist Fractures.

Background: Percutaneous techniques have been described for the treatment of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures, although less information has been reported about outcomes for unstable, displaced fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the union and complication rates following manual closed reduction and percutaneous screw placement for a consecutive series of unstable, displaced scaphoid fractures.

Methods: A total of 28 patients (average age, 27 years; 22 male/6 female) were treated for isolated unstable displaced scaphoid waist fractures.

Factors Associated With Having a Physician, Nurse Practitioner, or Physician Assistant as Primary Care Provider for Veterans With Diabetes Mellitus.

Expanded use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) is a potential solution to workforce issues, but little is known about how NPs and PAs can best be used. Our study examines whether medical and social complexity of patients is associated with whether their primary care provider (PCP) type is a physician, NP, or PA. In this national retrospective cohort study, we use 2012-2013 national Veterans Administration (VA) electronic health record data from 374 223 veterans to examine whether PCP type is associated with patient, clinic, and state-level factors representing medical and social complexity, adjusting for all variables simultaneously using a generalized logit model.

The Association Between Lipoproteins, Disability, and Physical Function Among Older Costa Rican Adults.

Objective: To examine the relationship between total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with disability and physical performance.

Method: Wave 1 data were from Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study ( n = 2,827). Lipoprotein profiles were measured using blood samples.

Adherence to Guidelines for Screening and Medication Use: Mortality and Onset of Major Macrovascular Complications in Elderly Persons With Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate relationships between adherence to recommended screening and medication use and severe macrovascular complications and all-cause mortality among persons aged above 68 years with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Method: Data came from a 5% Medicare claims sample of beneficiaries initially diagnosed with DM during 2006-2008; follow-up was up to 7 years.

Results: Adherence to screening guidelines led to reduced mortality-hazard ratio (HR) = 0.

Increasing Influenza Immunization Rates Among Retail Employees: An Evidence-Based Approach.

Influenza has a significant impact on the health of Americans and the U.S. economy.

USMLE and Otolaryngology: Predicting Board Performance.

Objective To ascertain what relationship exists between the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the American Board of Otolaryngology Written Qualifying Examination (WQE). Study Design Retrospective, longitudinal study. Setting De-identified database.

How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning.

Objective: Although substance use (SU) is elevated in ADHD and both are associated with disrupted emotional functioning, little is known about how emotions and SU interact in ADHD. We used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to explore this relationship.

Method: Narrative comments were coded for 67 persistent (50 ADHD, 17 local normative comparison group [LNCG]) and 25 desistent (20 ADHD, 5 LNCG) substance users from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) adult follow-up (21.

Learned Helplessness and Depressive Symptoms Following Myocardial Infarction.

Psychosocial factors are known to impact depressive symptoms across clinical populations. Learned helplessness has the potential of affecting depressive symptoms following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), though little is known about this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between learned helplessness and depressive symptoms in patients following an AMI.

Supporting the Health and Well-Being of Transgender Students.

Throughout the United States, there has been a rise in public discourse about transgender people and transgender issues. Much of this attention stems from passed and proposed anti-LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning) legislation, including "bathroom bills" that would require transgender people to use public facilities corresponding with the sex designated on their birth certificates. With the recent discussion and legislation impacting school-aged children and adolescents, what does this mean for school nurses and how can they care and advocate for their transgender students? In this article, we aim to empower school nurses to join the discussion, advocate for inclusive and equitable school policies, and deliver gender-affirming care to transgender students.

Processing Information After a Child's Cancer Diagnosis-How Parents Learn.

Parents of a child newly diagnosed with cancer must receive an extensive amount of information before their child's initial hospital discharge; however, little is known about best practices for providing this education. An interpretive descriptive study design was used to describe actual and preferred educational content, timing, and methods among parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer prior to their child's first hospital discharge. Twenty parents of children diagnosed with various malignancies participated in individual interviews 2 to 12 months after their child's diagnosis.

Parental Approach to the Prevention and Management of Fever and Pain Following Childhood Immunizations: A Survey Study.

Antipyretic analgesics are commonly used to prevent and treat adverse events following immunizations. Current practice discourages routine use due to possible blunting of vaccine immune responses. We surveyed 150 parents/caregivers of recently vaccinated 6- and 15-month-old children to determine the prevalence of and beliefs regarding antipyretic analgesics use around vaccinations.

Visualization of Multidimensional Data in Nursing Science.

Nursing scientists have long been interested in complex, context-dependent questions addressing individual- and population-level challenges in health and illness. These critical questions require multilevel data (e.g.

Improving Quality and Safety Through Use of Secondary Data: Methods Case Study.

Researchers need to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of data sets to choose a secondary data set to use for a health care study. This research method review informs the reader of the major issues necessary for investigators to consider while incorporating secondary data into their repertoire of potential research designs and shows the range of approaches the investigators may take to answer nursing research questions in a variety of context areas. The researcher requires expertise in locating and judging data sets and in the development of complex data management skills for managing large numbers of records.

Community-Informed Health Promotion to Improve Health Behaviors in Honduras.

Background: Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America. The already high burden of disease is disproportionately worse among individuals with less education and limited access to health care. Community engagement is needed to bridge the gap in health care resources with the need for health promotion and education.