Deep learning-based muscle segmentation and quantification at abdominal CT: application to a longitudinal adult screening cohort for sarcopenia assessment.

Objective: To investigate a fully automated abdominal CT-based muscle tool in a large adult screening population.

Methods: A fully automated validated muscle segmentation algorithm was applied to 9310 non-contrast CT scans, including a primary screening cohort of 8037 consecutive asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57.1±7.

Safety of Antithymocyte Globulin in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation With Livers From Donation After Circulatory Death Donors.

Studies suggest that rabbit-antithymocyte globulin (rATG) decreases biliary complications (BCs) after donation-after-circulatory-death-donor liver transplantation (DCD LTx), but safety data are lacking. Our aim was to assess the safety of rATG for this indication. The secondary end point was efficacy of rATG for this indication.

Impact of Intermediate Cystic Fibrosis Classification on Parents' Perceptions of Child Vulnerability and Protectiveness.

This cross-sectional, mixed-method study examined factors associated with parent perceptions of child vulnerability and protectiveness in three groups: cystic fibrosis (CF-group, n = 40), intermediate CF classification (I-group, n = 20), and healthy (H-group, n = 50). A composite indicator structural equation (CISE) using Bayesian estimation tested two mediational models: psychological and biological. Significant results ( p < .

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes After Early Posttransplant Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients.

Background: Modifiable risk-factors associated with (CDI) in renal-transplant (RTX) have not been clearly established and peri-transplant risk has not been described.

Objective: Evaluate epidemiology, risk-factors and outcomes after CDI occurring in the first 90 days after RTX (CDI-90). Observational cohort study/survival analysis of adult RTX recipients from 1/1/2012-12/31/2015.

Comparison of Dorsal Dermal Fascial Fenestrations With Fasciotomy in an Acute Compartment Syndrome Model in the Foot.

Background: Treatment of compartment syndrome of the foot with fasciotomy remains controversial because of the theoretical risk of infection and soft tissue coverage issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of compartment decompression with dorsal dermal fascial fenestration compared with fasciotomy in a cadaveric foot compartment syndrome model. We hypothesized that fasciotomies and dorsal dermal fenestrations would provide equivalent compartment decompression.

Laboratory Estimation of Occupational Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds During Nail Polish Application.

In the United States, there are more than 120,000 nail salons in which workers could be potentially exposed to a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in various procedures. Measuring workers exposure in the field is time-consuming and could be very expensive. The purpose of this study was to estimate the VOC levels in the proximity of workers in nail salons through simulating the application process of some popular nail polishes in a laboratory chamber.

Sport and Physical Activity Level Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life Among Collegiate Students.

Purpose: To examine and compare the role of self-assessed sport and physical activity involvement on the health-related quality of life among undergraduate student-athletes and general undergraduate college students.

Design: Cross-sectional survey. Data set was examined for differences in physical and mental health by self-assessed sport and physical activity level.

Legacies and Relationships: Diverse Social Networks and BRCA1/2 Risk Management Decisions and Actions.

In families with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer, complex disease histories challenge established patterns of family communication and influence decision-making for clinical surveillance, genetic testing, and risk management. An interdisciplinary team examined longitudinal interview data from women with identified BRCA1/2 mutations to assess interactions within family and social networks about risk information communication and management. We used interpretive description to identify motivation, content, and derived benefit of these interactions.

A Principal Components Analysis Approach to Quantifying Foot Clearance and Foot Clearance Variability.

Low foot clearance and high variability may be related to falls risk. Foot clearance is often defined as the local minimum in toe height during swing; however, not all strides have this local minimum. The primary purpose of this study was to identify a nondiscrete measure of foot clearance during all strides, and compare discrete and nondiscrete measures in ability to rank individuals on foot clearance and variability.

Examination of a Nascent Taxonomy of Priest Sexual Grooming.

Research has established that sexually abusive priests often use grooming strategies on victims. Recently, researchers have proposed a behavioral taxonomy used specifically by clergy who sexually abuse children. Because this nascent taxonomy has only been studied once using a limited sample of sexually abusive priests, we seek to replicate and expand on its findings using a sample of abusive clergy from a separate institution.

Management of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitor Therapy After Renal Transplantation: A Comparative Analysis and Associated Outcomes.

Background: Biologic agents inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor α pathway (TNFα-Is) are used to treat systemic inflammatory diseases. The best management of these agents after renal transplantation is unknown.

Objective: Evaluate peritransplant use of TNFα-Is and associated outcomes.

Framing Obesity: Effects of Obesity Labeling and Prevalence Statistics on Public Perceptions.

The rising prevalence rate of obesity in the United States has accentuated concerns about obesity-related problems as a major public health issue, which has motivated widespread efforts to increase public knowledge and to motivate individuals to change their relevant behaviors. Although health campaign messages commonly include information about prevalence rates for obesity, the impact of obesity labeling and prevalence rate descriptions in such messages has been overlooked by researchers. This online framing experiment fills the research gap by investigating the effects of obesity labeling (disease vs.

Early Life Displacement Due to Armed Conflict and Violence, Early Nutrition, and Older Adult Hypertension, Diabetes, and Obesity in the Middle-Income Country of Colombia.

We examine the importance of early life displacement and nutrition on hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in older Colombian adults (60+ years) exposed to rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions, and armed conflict. We compare early life nutritional status and adult health in other middle- and high-income countries. In Colombia (Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Aging [SABE]-Bogotá), we estimate the effects of early life conditions (displacement due to armed conflict and violence, hunger, low height, and not born in the capital city) and obesity on adult health; we compare the effects of low height on adult health in Mexico, South Africa (Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health [SAGE]), the United States, and England (Health and Retirement Study [HRS], English Longitudinal Study of Ageing [ELSA]).

Use of Props During Mealtime for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Self-Regulation and Reinforcement.

Mealtime is an important family routine commonly affected for families with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research is available regarding strategies families incorporate to support mealtime engagement. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency and characterize the purpose of Props used during mealtimes with children with ASD.

Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency Program Websites: A Development in Progress.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensiveness of interventional radiology (IR) residency program websites.

Materials And Methods: We determined whether all integrated IR residency programs approved in 2016 by the Society for Interventional Radiology had a dedicated residency program website. On each website, we searched for 38 elements identified as important considerations for medical students applying to diagnostic radiology residency and IR fellowship programs.

Spatial Release From Masking in 2-Year-Olds With Normal Hearing and With Bilateral Cochlear Implants.

This study evaluated spatial release from masking (SRM) in 2- to 3-year-old children who are deaf and were implanted with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs), and in age-matched normal-hearing (NH) toddlers. Here, we examined whether early activation of bilateral hearing has the potential to promote SRM that is similar to age-matched NH children. Listeners were 13 NH toddlers and 13 toddlers with BiCIs, ages 27 to 36 months.

Retirement, Leisure Activity Engagement, and Cognition Among Older Adults in the United States.

Retirement is a salient later-life transition that may influence cognition. Leisure activities can help individuals better adjust to life after significant life transitions. This study examined the role of leisure activity engagement in the relationship between retirement and cognition.

Early-life Medicaid Coverage and Intergenerational Economic Mobility.

New data reveal significant variation in economic mobility outcomes across U.S. localities.

Evaluating Tau-U With Oral Reading Fluency Data and the Impact of Measurement Error.

Recently, researchers have argued that using quantitative effect sizes in single-case design (SCD) research may facilitate the identification evidence-based practices. Indices to quantify nonoverlap are among the most common methods for quantifying treatment effects in SCD research. Tau-U represents a family of effect size indices that were developed to address criticisms of previously developed measures of nonoverlap.

Demonstration of Resistant or Wild-Type Virus in Recurrent Viremia After Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegaloviral Infection.

Background: Ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (GR-CMV) is a serious complication of transplantation. Recurrence after primary infection is common. Little is known about CMV drug resistance and latency.

Biomechanical Evaluations of Bed-to-Wheelchair Transfer: Gait Belt Versus Walking Belt.

Nursing personnel, particularly caregivers who frequently perform manual patient transfer tasks, are at risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The purpose of this study was to perform biomechanical evaluations of bed-to-wheelchair transfer using two low-cost assistive devices: walking belt and gait belt. Twenty-eight college students, serving as caregivers, transferred 14 students, serving as patients.

Crizotinib-induced erosive esophagitis in a pediatric patient with neuroblastoma.

Crizotinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, approved by the FDA in 2011, for use in anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive, metastatic, non-small cell lung cancer. Crizotinib inhibits oncogenic protein expression and impairs cellular proliferation in tumors with an overexpressed anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene. Currently used most frequently in the adult patient population, pediatric use is becoming more prominent, specifically in disease states exhibiting anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, metastatic disease, such as neuroblastoma.