A Failed Method? Reflections on Using Audio Diaries in Uganda With Young People Growing Up With HIV in the BREATHER Trial.

In this article, we present a case study in which we consider our use of the audio diary method with young people (aged 10-24) living with HIV in Uganda in a longitudinal qualitative study conducted in a clinical randomized control trial. Despite initial enthusiasm for the method among participants to capture accounts of participants' experiences outside of the confines of the HIV clinic, the constraints the young people encountered in accessing sufficient privacy to confidently make recordings meant that no one elected to use them again in the study. Despite the insights the use of the method generated, the lack of acceptability led to its relative failure.

Novel feline viruses: Emerging significance of gammaherpesvirus and morbillivirus infections.

Practical Relevance: New technologies capable of sequencing the genetic material in any given biological sample, combined with computer-based algorithms for sequence assembly and analysis, have revolutionised infectious disease research. The rate at which novel viruses are being discovered now exceeds our understanding of their clinical relevance. Novel viruses may contribute to diseases that are major causes of feline morbidity and mortality, including cancer and chronic kidney disease.

Coaching Experts: Applications to Surgeons and Continuing Professional Development.

Surgery is a science and an art, which is mastered through years of training and refined by the accumulation of individual experience and preference. Continuing professional development (CPD) is a concept that emphasizes a self-directed approach to education. Coaching is a process that leads to increased utilization of a person's current skills and resources without counselling or advising.

Six-month clinical course and factors associated with non-improvement in migraine and non-migraine headaches.

Background Evidence on the medium-term clinical course of recurrent headaches is scarce. This study explored the six-month course and factors associated with non-improvement in migraine compared with tension-type headache and cervicogenic headache. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, the six-month course of headaches was prospectively examined in participants (n = 37 with migraine; n = 42 with tension-type or cervicogenic headache).

Incidence, prognostic factors and impact of postoperative delirium after major vascular surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Although postoperative delirium is a common complication and increases patient care needs, little is known about the predictors and outcomes of delirium in patients having vascular surgery. This review aimed to determine the incidence, prognostic factors and impact of postoperative delirium in vascular surgical patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published between January 2000 and January 2016 on delirium after vascular surgery.

Circumstances of Falls With Fractured Femur in Residents of Australian Nursing Homes: An Analysis of Falls Reports.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the circumstances and characteristics of falls with fractured femur reported in nursing homes.

Method: Mixed methods were used. There were reports on 401 eligible falls from 88 residential care facilities in the Hunter region of Australia.

Definitions and participant characteristics of frequent recurrent headache types in clinical trials: A systematic review.

Background Clear definitions of study populations in clinical trials may facilitate application of evidence to clinical populations. This review aimed to explore definitions of study populations in clinical trials on migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, and cervicogenic headache. Methods We performed a systematic review of clinical trials investigating treatment efficacy for migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, and cervicogenic headache.

Live Cell Imaging Reveals the Relocation of dsRNA Binding Proteins Upon Viral Infection.

Viral infection triggers a range of plant responses such as the activation of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The double-stranded RNA binding (DRB) proteins DRB3 and DRB4 are part of this pathway and aid in defending against DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. Using live cell imaging, we show that DRB2, DRB3, and DRB5 relocate from their uniform cytoplasmic distribution to concentrated accumulation in nascent viral replication complexes (VRC) that develop following cell invasion by viral RNA.

Secondary Victimization: Domestic Violence Survivors Navigating the Family Law System.

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 22 domestic violence survivors attempting to negotiate safe post-separation parenting arrangements through the Australian family law system. Their allegations of violence put them at odds with a system that values mediated settlements and shared parenting. Skeptical responses, accusations of parental alienation, and pressure to agree to unsafe arrangements exacerbated the effects of post-separation violence.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Efficacy for Reducing Recidivism Rates of Moderate- and High-Risk Sexual Offenders: A Scoping Systematic Literature Review.

This literature scoping review compared recidivism rates of moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders who received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) oriented treatments. Ten empirical studies from 2001 to 2014 were selected for review that met the following criteria: (a) Treatment program included a CBT-based intervention with a comparative intervention; (b) participants included adult, male, moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders only; and (c) follow-up data for up to 12 months. Data were analyzed using a summative metric for recidivism rate comparisons ( N = 3,073 for CBT and N = 3,588, for comparison approaches).

Measuring the Tangible Fear of Heterosexist Violence.

Fear of crime (FoC) has dominated the political landscape over the last 20 years, with many crime policy developments during this period linked not to actual experiences of violence but to the fear of victimization. Fear of crime studies, in most cases, are conducted with populations that have only a passing, mediated knowledge of crime victimization. The research discussed in this article, in contrast, considers the impact of FoC with a highly victimized community, and establishes psychometric testing to validate an instrument to measure the impact of that fear ( Fear of Heterosexism Scale [ FoHS]).

The Effect of Blocked, Random and Mixed Practice Schedules on Speech Motor Learning of Tongue Twisters in Unimpaired Speakers.

There are few investigations comparing practice schedules in speech motor learning, despite certain schedules being recommended for the clinical treatment of speech motor disorders. This study compared effects of random, blocked and mixed practice on tongue twister accuracy in unimpaired speakers. We hypothesized that blocked practice would benefit acquisition of learning, but that random practice and mixed blocked-then-random practice would yield superior retention of learning.

Determination of physical and chemical stability in pressurised metered dose inhalers: potential new techniques.

Introduction: Pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are subject to rigorous physical and chemical stability tests during formulation. Due to the time and cost associated with product development studies, there is a need for online techniques to fast screen new formulations in terms of physical and chemical (physico-chemical) stability. The problem with achieving this is that pMDIs are by their definition, pressurised, making the direct observation of physico-chemical properties in situ difficult.

Is the Theta/Beta EEG Marker for ADHD Inherently Flawed?

Objective: Despite advances in our understanding of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder, robust biomarkers are yet to be established in clinical practice. More than 40 years of electroencephalography (EEG)-based research has culminated in the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the theta/beta (EEG power) ratio (TBR) as a diagnostic marker of ADHD.

Method: This review article focuses on resting-state EEG power research in ADHD.

Parental history of hypertension and dietary intakes in early adolescent offspring: a population-based study.

We investigated the cross-sectional association between parental history of hypertension and dietary intakes among early adolescent schoolchildren. A total of 1845 participants aged 12 years had complete data on diet and parental medical history, and thus they were included in the final analyses. Dietary data were assessed from validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaires.

Transition to adult care in adolescent obesity: a systematic review and why it is a neglected topic.

Transition in pediatric health care involves the purposeful, planned movement of patients from pediatric to adult services. Following the significant increases in long-term survival of chronic childhood diseases in the 1980s, transition has taken on an increasing importance in the management of these chronic diseases. In Australia, there is a conspicuous lack of programs/guidelines for transitioning adolescents with obesity.

Parents' Perspectives About Factors Influencing Adherence to Pharmacotherapy for ADHD.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore factors influencing parents' decisions to adhere and persist with ADHD pharmacotherapy in children.

Method: Focus groups ( n = 3) were conducted with 16 parents recruited from metropolitan Sydney. Group discussions explored factors impacting on treatment initiation, continuation, and cessation.