Breastfeeding Support Interventions by International Board Certified Lactation Consultants: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC) are healthcare professionals who are highly trained in lactation science; however, little is known about the efficacy of IBCLC-specific support on breastfeeding outcomes.

Research Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe interventions containing direct support by IBCLCs during the postpartum period and to analyze the association between study characteristics and the prevalence breastfeeding outcomes.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2001 and December 2018.

Toward Consistency: Updating Lactation and Breastfeeding Terminology for Population Health Research.

There has, historically, been a lack of consistency in the use and definition of terms and their associated measurement in breastfeeding research. The purpose of this paper is to promote consistency through a taxonomy and lexicon for population-based breastfeeding research with the modern nursing dyad. The taxonomy organizes concepts in categories related to research on feeding human milk to infants, noting the perspective from the provider of human milk (parent or alloparent) and the receiver of human milk (child).

Novel Approach for 2-Port Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.

. To describe a novel technique for a port-reducing laparoscopic hysterectomy. The 2-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (TPH) is performed through two 5-mm ports without the use of any multiport channels.

Mutational Analysis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in CALGB/SWOG 80405 Identifies New Roles of Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden for Patient Outcome.

Purpose: CALGB/SWOG 80405 was a randomized phase III trial that found no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) in patients with first-line metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy plus either bevacizumab or cetuximab. Primary tumor DNA from 843 patients has been used to discover genetic markers of OS.

Patients And Methods: Gene mutations were determined by polymerase chain reaction.

Financial Toxicity in Advanced and Metastatic Cancer: Overburdened and Underprepared.

Patients with metastatic or advanced cancer are likely to be particularly susceptible to financial hardship for reasons related both to the characteristics of metastatic disease and to the characteristics of the population living with metastatic disease. First, metastatic cancer is a resource-intensive condition with expensive treatment and consistent, high-intensity monitoring. Second, patients diagnosed with metastatic disease are disproportionately uninsured and low income and from racial or ethnic minority groups.

Tobacco Marketing at SNAP- and WIC-Authorized Retail Food Stores in the United States.

. Lower-income families in the United States are at increased risk for food insecurity and have higher rates of tobacco use. Many retailers accepting government food assistance benefits also sell tobacco products, whose marketing promotes smoking initiation and undermines quit attempts.

The Relationship Between School Dropout and Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: A HPTN 068 Analysis.

. Prevention of both school dropout and teen pregnancy represent clear public health priorities for South Africa, yet their complex and potentially cyclical relationship has not been fully explored. .

Patient engagement in first cycle comprehensive chemotherapy consultation pharmacist services and impact on patient activation.

Background: Healthcare systems and policy makers worldwide are demonstrating interest in shared decision making, which requires patient activation. Patient activation can be measured using a validated tool called the patient activation measure-10. First cycle comprehensive chemotherapy consultation services (3CS) is provided by an oncology pharmacy team member during a patient encounter at the beginning of the patient's treatment for cancer.

Envisioning Future Directions: Conversations With Leaders in Domestic and Sexual Assault Advocacy, Policy, Service, and Research.

This article delves into the views of 72 leaders in domestic violence and sexual assault advocacy, policy, service, and research to determine their vision for the future direction of the field. Through discussions with experts, we identified numerous strategies necessary to best meet the needs of domestic violence and sexual assault victims. Common themes focused on the need to (a) examine the context of victims' and offenders' experiences; (b) increase cultural competence to adequately provide appropriate victim services and criminal justice responses for underserved, marginalized, and culturally specific populations; (c) increase reliance on victims' voices; (d) continue to develop partnerships at both the community and the state levels and ensure the role of local communities; (e) expand the concept of successful outcomes that can be reliably and validly assessed; (f) emphasize mixed-methods approaches to address these questions, in recognition that various methods complement each other; and (g) be open to novel or emerging approaches to intervention.

Health Status of Children Enrolled in a Family Navigator Program to Eliminate Intergenerational Poverty.

In 2014, Family Success Alliance (FSA) was formed as a place-based initiative to build a pipeline of programs to reduce the impact of poverty on outcomes for children living in Orange County, North Carolina. In this study, FSA parents' perception of child health, parent and child adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and resilience were obtained by parent interview. Receipt of recommended health services were abstracted from primary care medical records of FSA children.

Discussions About Antibiotics During Adolescent Asthma Visits: Implications for Providers.

Children with asthma are exposed to antibiotics more frequently than their peers. The quality of provider-patient discussion about antibiotics is unknown. In this secondary data analysis, we reviewed existing transcripts of audiotaped adolescent asthma visits using a standardized coding sheet to analyze the quality of communication about antibiotics.

Effect of an Asthma Question Prompt List and Video Intervention on Adolescents' Medication Adherence 12 Months Later.

Background: Many adolescents do not obtain the maximum benefit from their asthma medications. Improving patient-provider communication may improve adolescents' asthma knowledge, adherence, and clinical outcomes.

Objective: To determine how a question prompt list and educational video intervention affect youth- and caregiver-reported medication adherence and self-reported medication problems.

In-Hospital Outcomes After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Octogenarians.

Background Octogenarians have low physiologic reserve and may benefit more from transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( TAVR ) than surgical aortic valve replacement ( SAVR ). Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study based on the National Inpatient Sample included octogenarians who underwent TAVR or SAVR from 2012 to 2015. Crude and standardized-morbidity-ratio-weighted regression models were used to compare in-hospital outcomes.

The Presence of a Paretic Propulsion Reserve During Gait in Individuals Following Stroke.

Background: The residual hemiparesis after stroke results in a unilateral reduction in propulsive force during gait. Prior work has suggested the presence of a propulsive reserve in the paretic limb.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the paretic propulsive reserve in individuals poststroke and to determine the biomechanical mechanism underlying the generation of additional paretic propulsive limb force.

The Effect of Acute Exercise on Encoding and Consolidation of Long-Term Memory.

Evidence supports that acute exercise benefits long-term memory. However, it is unclear whether these effects are due to benefits to encoding or consolidation. The purpose of this study was to more effectively isolate encoding and consolidation to advance our understanding of the specific nature of the effects of exercise on long-term memory.

Growth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

This study examined growth trajectories of teacher-reported adaptive behavior in a diverse sample of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The participants were 244 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 21 years who were assessed at up to four time points across two and a half years of high school. Demographic variables (age, sex, race, maternal education), phenotypic characteristics (intelligence quotient, autism severity) and school factors (location of the school, school quality) were collected.

Lessons Learned from Using Global Outcome Measures to Assess Community Pharmacy Performance.

Introduction: As value-based and alternative payment models proliferate, there is growing interest in measuring pharmacy performance. However, little research has explored the development and implementation of systems to measure pharmacy performance. Additionally, systems that currently exist rely on process and surrogate outcome measures that are not always relevant to patients and payers.

Healthy Volunteers' Perceptions of the Benefits of Their Participation in Phase I Clinical Trials.

Other than the financial motivations for enrolling in Phase I trials, research on how healthy volunteers perceive the benefits of their trial participation is scant. Using qualitative interviews conducted with 178 U.S.

Bone Mineral Density to Assess Pediatric Bone Health in Drug Development.

Background: Pediatric bone health is an important part of the safety assessment of inhaled corticosteroids and certain other drugs. Current regulatory guidance for assessment of bone health for intranasal and inhaled corticosteroid drugs is a single 1-year study of linear growth.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether a significant change in bone mineral density (BMD) could be observed during a 12-month period in pediatric patients being treated for asthma with an inhaled corticosteroid using a previously conducted study.