The relationship between union membership and self-rated health among racially diverse U.S. healthcare workers: The role of control over work schedules and locations.

Background: Labor unions are associated with better wages, improved working conditions, and greater worker empowerment, which may result in better health. However, less is known about the relationship between unionization and health among U.S.

Variation from closed-shell to open shell electronic structures in oligothiophene bis(dioxolene) complexes.

A series of oligothiophene bis(dioxolene) complexes, SQ-Th-SQ (SQ = = ½TpZn(3--butyl-orthosemiquinonate); Tp = tris(5-cumenyl-3-methylpyrazolyl)borate anion) have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and studied as a function of the number of thiophene bridging units, ( = 0-3) using a combination of variable-temperature (VT) electronic absorption and EPR spectroscopies, and VT magnetic susceptibility measurements. The thiophene bridge bond lengths determined by X-ray crystallography display dramatic differences across the SQ-Th-SQ series. Bridge bond deviation values (Σ||) display a progressive change in the nature of the bridge fragment bonding as the number of thiophene groups increases, with quinoidal bridge character for = 1 (SQ-Th-SQ) and biradical character with "aromatic" bridge bond lengths for = 3 (SQ-Th-SQ).

Competitive reversed quartet mechanisms for photogenerated ground state electron spin polarization.

Photoinduced electron spin polarization (ESP) of a spin-½ organic radical (nitronyl nitroxide, NN) in a series of Pt(ii) complexes comprised of 4,4'-di--butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 3--butylcatecholate (CAT) ligands, where the CAT ligand is substituted with (CH)--phenyl-NN (bridge-NN) groups, is presented and discussed. We show the importance of attenuating the energy gap between localized NN radical and chromophoric excited states to control both the magnitude and sign of the optically-generated ESP, and to provide deeper insight into the details of the ESP mechanism. Understanding electronic structure contributions to optically generated ESP will enhance our ability to control the nature of prepared states for a variety of quantum information science applications, where strong ESP facilitates enhanced sensitivity and readout capabilities at low applied magnetic fields and higher temperatures.

Modeling the distribution of the endangered Jemez Mountains salamander () in relation to geology, topography, and climate.

The Jemez Mountains salamander (; hereafter JMS) is an endangered salamander restricted to the Jemez Mountains in north-central New Mexico, United States. This strictly terrestrial and lungless species requires moist surface conditions for activities such as mating and foraging. Threats to its current habitat include fire suppression and ensuing severe fires, changes in forest composition, habitat fragmentation, and climate change.

Chromophore-radical excited state antiferromagnetic exchange controls the sign of photoinduced ground state spin polarization.

A change in the sign of the ground-state electron spin polarization (ESP) is reported in complexes where an organic radical (nitronylnitroxide, NN) is covalently attached to a donor-acceptor chromophore two different -phenylene bridges in () and () (bpy = 5,5'-di--butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, CAT = 3--butylcatecholate, -Ph = -phenylene). These molecules represent a new class of chromophores that can be photoexcited with visible light to produce an initial exchange-coupled, 3-spin (bpy˙, CAT˙ = semiquinone (SQ), and NN), charge-separated doublet S (S = chromophore excited spin singlet configuration) excited state. Following excitation, the S state rapidly decays to the ground state by magnetic exchange-mediated enhanced internal conversion the T (T = chromophore excited spin triplet configuration) state.

High performance implementation of the hierarchical likelihood for generalized linear mixed models: an application to estimate the potassium reference range in massive electronic health records datasets.

Background: Converting electronic health record (EHR) entries to useful clinical inferences requires one to address the poor scalability of existing implementations of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) for repeated measures. The major computational bottleneck concerns the numerical evaluation of multivariable integrals, which even for the simplest EHR analyses may involve millions of dimensions (one for each patient). The hierarchical likelihood (h-lik) approach to GLMMs is a methodologically rigorous framework for the estimation of GLMMs that is based on the Laplace Approximation (LA), which replaces integration with numerical optimization, and thus scales very well with dimensionality.

Transferrable property relationships between magnetic exchange coupling and molecular conductance.

Calculated conductance through Au -S-Bridge-S-Au (Bridge = organic σ/π-system) constructs are compared to experimentally-determined magnetic exchange coupling parameters in a series of TpZnSQ-Bridge-NN complexes, where Tp = hydro-tris(3-cumenyl-1-methylpyrazolyl)borate ancillary ligand, Zn = diamagnetic zinc(ii), SQ = semiquinone ( = 1/2), and NN = nitronylnitroxide radical ( = 1/2). We find that there is a nonlinear functional relationship between the biradical magnetic exchange coupling, , and the computed conductance, . Although different bridge types (monomer dimer) do not lie on the same , curve, there is a scale invariance between the monomeric and dimeric bridges which shows that the two data sets are related by a proportionate scaling of .

The iminosugars celgosivir, castanospermine and UV-4 inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge for health care and the global economy. Repurposing drugs that have shown promise in inhibiting other viral infections could allow for more rapid dispensation of urgently needed therapeutics. The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is extensively glycosylated with 22 occupied N glycan sites and is required for viral entry.

A method to assess randomness of functional connectivity matrices.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the measurement of functional connectivity of the brain. In this context, graph theory has revealed distinctive non-random connectivity patterns. However, the application of graph theory to fMRI often utilizes non-linear transformations (absolute value) to extract edge representations.

Evolution of universal review and disclosure of MRI reports to research participants.

Background: Although incidental findings (IF) are commonly encountered in neuroimaging research, there is no consensus regarding what to do with them. Whether researchers are obligated to review scans for IF, or if such findings should be disclosed to research participants at all, is controversial. Objective data are required to inform reasonable research policy; unfortunately, such data are lacking in the published literature.

Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon-juniper woodland.

Plant hydraulic conductance (k s) is a critical control on whole-plant water use and carbon uptake and, during drought, influences whether plants survive or die. To assess long-term physiological and hydraulic responses of mature trees to water availability, we manipulated ecosystem-scale water availability from 2007 to 2013 in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) woodland. We examined the relationship between k s and subsequent mortality using more than 5 years of physiological observations, and the subsequent impact of reduced hydraulic function and mortality on total woody canopy transpiration (E C) and conductance (G C).

PYK2 mediates anti-apoptotic AKT signaling in response to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide in mammary epithelial cells.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are known mammary carcinogens in rodents and may be involved in human breast cancer. The carcinogenicity of BaP has been partially attributed to the formation of the BaP diol epoxide (BPDE), which has been shown to stably bind DNA and act as an initiator. BaP is a complete carcinogen, but the mechanisms for tumor promotion are less well characterized.