"I Don't Claim to Be the World's Foremost Expert, But . . . ": How Individuals "Know" Family Members Are Not Experiencing Health Issues as Severely as They Claim.

To understand how individuals come to "know" that their family members are not experiencing their health issues as severely as they claim, we interviewed 32 individuals (nine men and 23 women, age = 35.28 years, = 9.91 years) about a family member who they believe falsifies or exaggerates his or her health condition(s).

The Harasser's Toolbox: Investigating the Role of Mobility in Street Harassment.

This study investigates the role of physical mobility in street harassment by analyzing a stratified random sample of 334 cases posted to Hollaback!, an online community documenting experiences of street harassment. Findings suggest that harassers utilize means of transportation as weapons to inflict or threaten physical harm, to escape or preserve anonymity, and to pursue targets and as a hunting ground for potential targets. By identifying the mechanisms of street harassment, we theorize how harassers negotiate mobility-particular types of mobility, especially that which is enabled by public transportation and owner vehicles-to gain advantage over targets of harassment.

Method for Recovering Lost Ultrasonic Information Using the Echo-intensity Mean.

The axial resolution of a B-mode (or intensity) image is limited by the bandwidth of the pulse envelope. In this report, we investigate the source of this limitation by examining the transfer of high-resolution information from the tissue impedance variance throughout the imaging process. For that purpose, we express the mean and variance of the echo-intensity signal as a linear system to track the flow of object information along the image-formation chain.

Action Dominance: The Performance Effects of Multiple Action Demands and the Benefits of an Inaction Focus.

Four experiments uncovered an action dominance error by which people's natural focus on actions hinders appropriate responses to social and nonsocial stimuli. This surprising error comprises higher rates of both omission (misses) and commission (false alarms) when, in responding to action and inaction demands, people have higher numbers of action targets. The action dominance error was verified over four experiments using an analog that required responses to words and to target individuals.

Sport Participation for Elite Athletes With Physical Disabilities: Motivations, Barriers, and Facilitators.

There are many reasons why individuals are motivated to participate in sports. Less attention, however, is given for studying motivation and athlete development in adapted sport. The purpose of this study was to identify the motivations, facilitators, and barriers to sports participation of elite athletes with a physical disability.

Defining Social Class Across Time and Between Groups.

We examined changes over four decades and between ethnic groups in how people define their social class. Changes included the increasing importance of income, decreasing importance of occupational prestige, and the demise of the "Victorian bargain," in which poor people who subscribed to conservative sexual and religious norms could think of themselves as middle class. The period also saw changes (among Whites) and continuity (among Black Americans) in subjective status perceptions.

Educational Differences in Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Brazil and Mexico.

Objective: This study examines educational differences in health conditions among middle-aged and older adults in Brazil and Mexico.

Method: Cross-sectional data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey and the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey were used in the analyses. We used multivariate Poisson regressions to examine the relationship between educational level and prevalence of common health conditions (obesity, abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hearing and visual impairments).

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning in Older Hispanic/Latino Adults Enrolled in an Exercise Intervention: Results From the "¡Caminemos!" Study.

Objective: We examined the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in older Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in an exercise intervention.

Method: We analyzed baseline, 1-year, and 2-year in-person interview data collected from Hispanics/Latinos aged ≥60 years participating in an exercise intervention across 27 senior centers ( N = 572).

Results: Mean age was 73.

The Virtual Short Physical Performance Battery: Psychometric Properties and Validation in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis.

There are increasing numbers of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who undergo declines in physical function that require attention of clinicians and researchers. Objective and perceived measures of disablement feasible for clinical and residential settings, such as the Short Physical Performance Battery and its virtual counterpart (vSPPB), are critical for defining the degree of disablement. We evaluated the psychometric properties and validity of the vSPPB as a measure of perceived lower extremity physical function in older adults with MS (age ≥60 years).

Adolescent Changes in Aerobic Fitness Are Related to Changes in Academic Achievement.

Unlabelled: There is a growing trend of decreasing physical fitness among adolescents, which may result not only in poorer physical health, but also in poorer academic achievement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in aerobic fitness and academic achievement in reading and mathematics during middle school.

Methods: This study employed a prospective, longitudinal cross-sectional design.

Life After Research Misconduct.

Research misconduct is a serious violation of a scientific community's ethical standards. Scientists who commit research misconduct typically face corrective actions from employers and funding agencies, as well as significant professional stigma. Unfortunately, there is little systematic data about the post-misconduct career of these guilty parties.

Regulating the Access to Awareness: Brain Activity Related to Probe-related and Spontaneous Reversals in Binocular Rivalry.

Research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has implicated an assortment of brain regions, ERP components, and network properties associated with visual awareness. Recently, the P3b ERP component has emerged as a leading NCC candidate. However, typical P3b paradigms depend on the detection of some stimulus change, making it difficult to separate brain processes elicited by the stimulus itself from those associated with updates or changes in visual awareness.

Correlates of Disclosure Cessation After Sexual Assault.

Contacts with responders after sexual assault may influence further disclosure, but this possibility has not been explored empirically. Thus, this study investigates associations between survivors' contacts with responders and their decisions to discontinue disclosure. Fifty-four college students with a history of unwanted sexual experiences described 94 ordered contacts with responders.

Promotoras and the Semantic Gap Between Latino Community Health Researchers and Latino Communities.

Promotoras are identified as a unique group of community health workers adept at reducing health disparities. This qualitative study was conducted to better understand perceptions of the term promotora, broadly used in research but not well documented in everyday Latina vocabulary. Six focus groups to better understand perceptions of the term promotora were conducted with 36 Latina women living in three nonmetropolitan areas in Illinois.

Estimating Acceptability of Financial Health Incentives.

A growing body of evidence suggests that financial incentives can influence health behavior change, but research on the public acceptability of these programs and factors that predict public support have been limited. A representative sample of U.S.

Source and Message Framing Considerations for Recruiting Mature Adults as Organ Donors Through Direct Mail Campaigns.

Context: Mature adults represent an important audience segment for organ donation practitioners. Despite their potential impact as organ donors, compared to other age demographics, their registration rates are much lower.

Objective: The objective of the current campaign was to determine the most effective source and message strategy to promote organ and tissue donation among mature adults.

Using a Mixed-Methods RE-AIM Framework to Evaluate Community Health Programs for Older Latinas.

Objective: This study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to evaluate a promotora-led community health program designed for Latinas ages 50 and older that sought to improve physical activity, nutrition, and stress management.

Method: A mixed-methods evaluation approach was administered at participant and organizational levels with a focus on the efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance components of the RE-AIM theoretical model.

Results: The program was shown to be effective at improving participants' eating behaviors, increasing their physical activity levels, and lowering their depressive symptoms.