The Path to Better Health for Black Women: Predicting Self-Care and Exploring Its Mediating Effects on Stress and Health.

Stress leads to poor self-rated health for many black women because of racial and economic discrimination which results in psychological distress and restricted access to resources. Resilience factors such as self-care may be able to buffer the impact of stress; however, the role of self-care in reducing the effect of stress on self-rated health has not been explored. Self-care involves the utilization of self-awareness and agency to seek remedy for imbalance and to sustain equilibrium.

Factors Associated With Payments to Research Participants: A Review of Sociobehavioral Studies at a Large Southern California Research University.

Along with a dearth of regulatory guidance, little empirical research has examined factors related to participant payment in research. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 100 institutional review board (IRB)-approved sociobehavioral human subjects research protocols at a large research university in Southern California. The proportion of studies that paid participants differed significantly by type of research ( < .

A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand.

. Road traffic accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in the entire population, and the first among the youth (ages 15-19 years) in Thailand. The situation in Thailand is worse than in neighboring low- to middle-income countries in the Southeast Asia region.

New Teachers' Perceptions on Being Prepared to Teach Students With Learning Disabilities: Insights From California.

Including students with learning disabilities (SWLDs) in general education classrooms is a priority nationwide. Consequently, now more than ever before in our nation's history, university teacher education programs face increased responsibility to ensure general education teaching candidates receive adequate preparation to educate SWLDs. Many stakeholders believe that edTPA-a performance assessment used as a credential requirement-can be an important tool in helping to fulfill this goal.

Neural Correlates of Passive Position Finger Sense After Stroke.

. Proprioception of fingers is essential for motor control. Reduced proprioception is common after stroke and is associated with longer hospitalization and reduced quality of life.

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among Older Adult Drivers.

There are approximately 42 million licensed drivers aged 65 years or older in the United States, who face unique age-related risks while driving. While physical activity affects several chronic conditions thought to be associated with motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), it is unclear if increased physical activity leads to fewer MVCs. This study explores whether self-reported vigorous and moderate physical activity is associated with MVCs in the previous year.

Provider-Level Variation in Smoking Cessation Assistance Provided in the Cardiology Clinics: Insights From the NCDR PINNACLE Registry.

Background Studies show suboptimal provision of smoking cessation assistance (counseling or pharmacotherapy) for current smokers attempting to quit. We aimed to identify smoking cessation assistance patterns in US cardiology practices. Methods and Results Among 328 749 current smokers seen between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2016, in 348 NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence)-affiliated cardiology practices, we measured the rates of cessation assistance.

Utilization, Cost, and Pricing Scheme of Compounded Medications for Public Health System Patients: The California Workers' Compensation System, 2011-2013.

Background: Although medically necessary in some cases, there is growing concern that compounded medications are being overprescribed, leading to questions about safety and necessity for high use and cost. Safety concerns regarding compounded medications were highlighted by the 2013 contamination of steroid injections by the New England Compounding Center, which caused serious infections and other injuries to at least 751 patients and resulted in at least 64 patient deaths. A study contributed to our understanding of compounded medication use and cost, finding in a sample of commercially insured population that the average ingredient cost for compounded medication prescriptions was $710.

Hepatitis C Competency and Outreach of Occupational Health Nurses.

In the United States, approximately one half of individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not aware of their status. Current HCV treatment is highly successful and is associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality. Occupational health nurses (OHNs) are often the sole health care providers at worksites and have a unique opportunity to provide HCV education, screening, and linkage to care.

Intraparenchymal extravasation of gadolinium mimicking an enhancing brain tumor.

Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the detection, characterization, and staging of intracranial neoplasms and vascular abnormalities. Although Gd is helpful in a majority of situations, it can lead to diagnostic misinterpretation in the setting of active vascular extravasation. Scarce reports of intracranial extravasation of Gd are present in the literature.

All Men Are Created Equal: Addressing Disparities in Prostate Cancer Care.

The global cancer burden is estimated to have risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in 2018.

Adjunct Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Survey to Uncover Unmet Needs and Patient Preferences Beyond HbA1c Measures.

Adjunct therapy can help patients with type 1 diabetes achieve glycemic goals while potentially mitigating some of the side effects of insulin. In this study, we used a patient survey to identify the unmet needs in type 1 diabetes therapy, patient views of treatment benefit-risk trade-offs, and patient preferences for the use of an adjunct therapy. A quantitative survey was sent to 2084 adults with type 1 diabetes in November 2017.

Anesthetizing the Fibrillating Heart.

See Article Lee et al.

Comparison of standard of care treatment with a low steroid and mycophenolate mofetil regimen for lupus nephritis in the ALMS and AURA studies.

Lupus nephritis is the most common organ-threatening manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current standard of care for patients is treatment with a combination of steroids plus either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or cyclophosphamide. However, these medications are associated with considerable toxicity and suboptimal efficacy.

The Effectiveness and Value of Biologic Therapies for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Asthma.

Funding for this summary was contributed by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, Blue Shield of California, and California Health Care Foundation to the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), an independent organization that evaluates the evidence on the value of health care interventions. ICER's annual policy summit is supported by dues from Aetna, AHIP, Anthem, Blue Shield of California, CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Cambia Health Solutions, United Healthcare, Kaiser Permanente, Premera Blue Cross, AstraZeneca, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, National Pharmaceutical Council, Prime Therapeutics, Sanofi, Spark Therapeutics, Health Care Service Corporation, Editas, Alnylam, Regeneron, Mallinkrodt, Biogen, HealthPartners, and Novartis. Synnott, Kumar, Adair, Rind, and Pearson are employees of ICER, which provided grants to the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Colorado to perform work for these analyses.

Double Whammy for Older Smokers: Marginalized by Tobacco Control and Valued by the Tobacco Industry.

In the last 20 years, the United States has made stunning progress reducing the rate of adult smoking. However, the smallest reduction is among older adults. Compared to younger smokers, older smokers are more likely to be lower socioeconomic status (SES), have several tobacco related comorbidities, and are less likely to be treated for tobacco addiction yet, in tobacco policy, they are not considered a marginalized group.

Exercise Science and Child Health: A Tale of Many Journeys.

Children are the most naturally physically active human beings; reduced physical activity is a cardinal sign of childhood disease, and exercise testing provides mechanistic insights into health and disease that are often hidden when the child is at rest. The physical inactivity epidemic is leading to increased disease risk in children and, eventually, in adults in unprecedented ways. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) biomarkers are used to assess disease severity, progress, and response to therapy across an expanding range of childhood diseases and conditions.

Immune Checkpoint Blockade in PD-L1-Positive Platinum-Refractory Cervical Carcinoma.

Journal Journal of Clinical Oncology, A 36-year-old white married mother of two small children presented with intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain. Because of significant lapses in health care coverage, she had had only sporadic screening for cervical cancer over the past 15 years. On evaluation with a vaginal speculum, her cervix was found to have been replaced by a friable lesion 5 cm in diameter.

Political Institutions and the Comparative Medicalization of Abortion.

Comparative-historical research on medicalization is rare and, perhaps for that reason, largely ignores political institutions, which tend to vary more across countries than within them. This article proposes a political-institutional theory of medicalization in which health care policy legacies, political decentralization, and constitutionalism shape the preferences, discourses, strategies, and influence of actors that seek or resist medicalization. The theory helps explain why abortion has been more medicalized in Britain than the United States.

Human-induced reductions in fish predator boldness decrease their predation rates in kelp forests.

Humans have restructured food webs and ecosystems by depleting biomass, reducing size structure and altering traits of consumers. However, few studies have examined the ecological impacts of human-induced trait changes across large spatial and temporal scales and species assemblages. We compared behavioural traits and predation rates by predatory fishes on standard squid prey in protected areas of different protection levels and ages, and found that predation rates were 6.

Emotions and Coping Strategies During Breast Cancer in Latina Women: A Focus Group Study.

We conducted three focus groups among Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors ( = 23). The aim was to qualitatively identify how Latina women cope with BC treatment, what emotions arose during their treatment, and if they experienced any medical barriers during their journey. Women were also asked about a potential online resource.