Post-Traumatic Sarcomas: Do They Exist?

Patients often cite a history of trauma prior to the diagnosis of a sarcoma. Sparse literature suggests that there may be a link between sarcoma development and trauma. A 10-year review of academic tertiary-referral sarcoma center database was examined to identify patients who developed a sarcoma after having a history of a significant musculoskeletal trauma.

Cost and Utilization Outcomes After Exclusion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Other Diabetes Drug Category Changes in a Self-Funded, State Employee Managed Care Plan.

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have repeatedly shown no reduction in the clinical outcomes of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or all-cause mortality. Because the treatment of diabetes is generally one of the top drug categories by cost to health plans and self-funded employers, it is necessary to evaluate coverage of DPP-4 inhibitors, considering their lack of cardiovascular benefit relative to other treatment options.

Objective: To describe the cost and utilization outcomes of drugs used to treat diabetes after exclusion of DPP-4 inhibitors in a self-funded managed care plan.

Effect of pericardial effusion on outcomes in children admitted with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from the United States.

Objective: We sought to describe characteristics of children admitted with pericardial effusion (PCE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determine the association between PCE and outcomes of interest.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). Patients were included if they were admitted to a PHIS participating hospital from 2004 to 2015 with a diagnosis of SLE and age ≤18 years.

Relationship Between Symptomatic and Functional Improvement and Remission in a Treatment Response to Stimulant Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between symptom and functional improvement and remission in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) enrolled in an 11-week open-label dose-optimization phase of an methylphenidate extended release (MPH-MLR) pivotal study.

Methods: Assessments included the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent (WFIRS-P) and ADHD Rating Scale, Fourth Edition (ADHD-RS-IV). Definitions included the following: symptom improvement (≥30% decrease in ADHD-RS-IV total score); symptom remission (ADHD-RS-IV total score ≤18); functional improvement (decrease in WFIRS-P total score ≥0.

Introduction: Just Say No? New Insights About Change Versus Constancy in Substance Use Behavioral Decisions in Youth With and Without ADHD.

Despite enormous social-psychological and economic consequences of substance abuse in youth and young adults, too little is known about effective interventions among substance users, both with and without ADHD. This special issue reports on four linked investigations that employed a novel research strategy when the Multimodal Treatment Children with ADHD Study (MTA) participants were between ages 21.7 and 27.

Use of Service Learning to Increase Master's-Level Nursing Students' Understanding of Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities.

Introduction: It is important for graduate-level nursing students to be competent in the issues involved in the social determinants of health and health disparities and have the tools to address them as graduates.

Method: As part of a nursing workforce diversity program, master's-level nursing students were required to participate in a service learning project exposing them to an issue not directly linked to health-long bus rides for students as a result of school consolidations-to achieve educational goals and objectives while providing a service to an advocacy agency.

Results: Eighteen students completed the project, providing the advocacy agency with firsthand accounts about the impact of long bus rides and in-depth reviews of literature on the topic and laws and regulations of other states.

Implementation and Evaluation of the Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator in a High-Risk University Nursery.

There is growing interest in the Kaiser early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk calculator though institutions are hesitant to deviate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and implement this in their hospitals. We describe the process of implementing routine use of the risk calculator in term and late preterm newborns delivered to mothers with chorioamnionitis in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A retrospective chart review of infants delivered to mothers with chorioamnionitis from 2011 to 2014 was performed.

Readability of Human Subjects Training Materials for Research.

Institutions are required to ensure that persons involved in human subjects research receive appropriate human subjects protections training and education. Several organizations use the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program to fulfill training requirements. Most researchers find the CITI program too complex for community members who collaborate with researchers.

Test of a Conceptual Model to Explain Television Exposure of Head Start Children.

Excessive television (TV) viewing by children can lead to negative health and developmental outcomes. Using structural equation modeling, this study tests a conceptual model to understand social and familial factors associated with TV exposure among a sample of 767 Head Start families with children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Fit statistics suggested that the overall model provided an acceptable fit to the observed data.

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Mimicking a Primary Colon Mass.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is typically a nonlipogenic high-grade sarcoma that arises from well-differentiated liposarcoma. It most commonly presents as a large mass in the retroperitoneum. Significant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by dedifferentiated liposarcoma is uncommon.

Home Visiting and the Health of Preterm Infants.

The results of home visiting programs which target medically fragile low-birth-weight preterm infants (LBWPT) have been inconsistent. We provided nurse/social worker home visits to families of LBWPT infants on a regular schedule. Teams were trained in approaches to improve the health and development of the infants.

Discontinuation of Vasopressin Before Norepinephrine in the Recovery Phase of Septic Shock.

Background: Guidance for the discontinuation of vasopressors in the recovery phase of septic shock is limited. Norepinephrine is more easily titrated; however, septic shock is a vasopressin deficient state, which exogenous vasopressin endeavors to resolve. Discontinuation of vasopressin before norepinephrine may result in clinically significant hypotension.

A Synopsis of the "Influence of Epigenetics, Genetics, and Immunology" Session Part A at the 35th Annual Society of Toxicologic Pathology Symposium.

The overarching theme of the 2016 Society of Toxicology Pathology's Annual Symposium was "The Basis and Relevance of Variation in Toxicologic Responses." Session 4 focused on genetic variation as a potential source for variability in toxicologic responses within nonclinical toxicity studies and further explored how knowledge of genetic traits might enable targeted prospective and retrospective studies in drug development and human health risk assessment. In this session, the influence of both genetic sequence variation and epigenetic modifications on toxicologic responses and their implications for understanding risk were explored.

Exploring Neural Correlates of Empathy in Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended.

To effectively address the needs of youth who perpetrate sexual violence and reduce rates of recidivism, a better understanding of the mechanisms of juvenile sexual offending is needed. Current literature identifies various factors that are believed to put youth at risk for sexual offending, two of which are empathy deficits and childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The extent to which empathy deficits contribute to juvenile sexual offending, however, is often debated, though studies have not yet explored a neurobehavioral model of this mechanism.

A retrospective review of the progress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug discovery over the last decade and a look at the latest strategies.

Introduction: Drug discovery for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has experienced a surge in clinical studies and remarkable preclinical milestones utilizing a variety of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 model systems. Of the drugs that were tested and showed positive preclinical effects, none demonstrated therapeutic benefits to ALS patients in clinical settings.

Areas Covered: This review discusses the advances made in drug discovery for ALS and highlights why drug development is proving to be so difficult.

A Bourdieusian Analysis of U.S. Military Culture Ground in the Mental Help-Seeking Literature.

This theoretical treatise uses the scientific literature concerning help seeking for mental illness among those with a background in the U.S. military to posit a more complex definition of military culture.