I Knew I Would Be Safer. Experiences of Kenyan HIV Serodiscordant Couples Soon After Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Initiation.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-uninfected persons is highly efficacious for HIV prevention. Understanding how people at risk for HIV will use PrEP is important to inform PrEP scale-up and implementation. We used qualitative methods to gather insights into couples' early experiences with PrEP use within the Partners Demonstration Project, an open-label implementation study evaluating integrated delivery of PrEP and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

High Ringxiety: Attachment Anxiety Predicts Experiences of Phantom Cell Phone Ringing.

Mobile cell phone users have reported experiencing ringing and/or vibrations associated with incoming calls and messages, only to find that no call or message had actually registered. We believe this phenomenon can be understood as a human signal detection issue, with potentially important influences from psychological attributes. We hypothesized that individuals higher in attachment anxiety would report more frequent phantom cell phone experiences, whereas individuals higher in attachment avoidance would report less frequent experiences.

Nationwide Study of Humidifier Disinfectant Lung Injury in South Korea, 1994-2011. Incidence and Dose-Response Relationships.

Rationale: Humidifier disinfectant lung injury is an acute lung disease attributed to recurrent inhalation of certain disinfectant aerosols emitted from room humidifiers. An outbreak of this toxic lung injury occurred in South Korea from 1995 until all humidifier disinfectant products were recalled from the consumer market by the government in 2011.

Objectives: A nationwide study was conducted to ascertain and classify all potential cases of humidifier disinfectant lung injury in Korea and to assess dose-response relationships.

Social Smoking and Mental Health Among Chinese Male College Students.

Purpose: China has a high prevalence of smoking, but the characteristics of social smoking in Chinese college students have not been investigated. We examined the pattern of social smoking and explored the association between social smoking and personal cessation efforts and mental health factors among Chinese male college students.

Design: Study design was a cross-sectional survey.

New Pathways From Short Sleep to Obesity? Associations Between Short Sleep and "Secondary" Eating and Drinking Behavior.

Purpose: The association between short sleep and obesity risk is well established. However, we explore a new pathway between short sleep and obesity: whether short sleep is linked to more time spent in secondary eating or drinking, that is, eating or drinking (beverages other than water, such as sugar-sweetened beverages) while primarily engaged in another activity, such as television watching.

Design: This pooled cross-sectional study uses data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2006 to 2008.

Quantitative evaluation of hepatitis B virus mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Background: The temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis including cohort and nested case-control studies to prospectively examine the HCC risk associated with common variants of HBV in the PreS, Enhancer II, basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science and the Chinese Biological Medicine databases through to November 2014.

'One-stop shop': lung cancer patients' and caregivers' perceptions of multidisciplinary care in a community healthcare setting.

Background: Multidisciplinary care is rarely practiced in community healthcare settings where the majority of patients receive lung cancer care in the US. We sought direct input from patients and their informal caregivers on their experience of lung cancer care delivery.

Methods: We conducted focus groups of patient and caregiver dyads.

The Australian Work Exposures Study: Prevalence of Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to produce a population-based estimate of the prevalence of work-related exposure to formaldehyde, to identify the main circumstances of exposure and to describe the use of workplace control measures designed to decrease those exposures.

Methods: The analysis used data from the Australian Workplace Exposures Study, a nationwide telephone survey, which investigated the current prevalence and exposure circumstances of work-related exposure to 38 known or suspected carcinogens, including formaldehyde, among Australian workers aged 18-65 years. Using the web-based tool OccIDEAS, semi-quantitative information was collected about exposures in the current job held by the respondent.

The Australian Work Exposures Study: Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to produce a population-based estimate of the prevalence of work-related exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to identify the main circumstances of exposure and to describe the use of workplace control measures designed to decrease those exposures.

Methods: The analysis used data from the Australian Workplace Exposures Study, a nationwide telephone survey which investigated the current prevalence and exposure circumstances of work-related exposure to 38 known or suspected carcinogens, including PAHs, among Australian workers aged 18-65 years. Using the web-based tool OccIDEAS, semi-quantitative information was collected about exposures in the current job held by the respondent.

The Australian Work Exposures Study: Occupational Exposure to Lead and Lead Compounds.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to produce a population-based estimate of the prevalence of work-related exposure to lead and its compounds, to identify the main circumstances of exposures, and to collect information on the use of workplace control measures designed to decrease those exposures.

Methods: Data came from the Australian Workplace Exposures Study, a nationwide telephone survey which investigated the current prevalence and circumstances of work-related exposure to 38 known or suspected carcinogens, including lead, among Australian workers aged 18-65 years. Using the web-based tool, OccIDEAS, semi-quantitative information was collected about exposures in the current job held by the respondent.

Risk Factors of Myopic Shift among Primary School Children in Beijing, China: A Prospective Study.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with myopic shift among primary school children.

Methods: In a one-year prospective school-based study, 5052 children from ten schools were enrolled using a multi-stage random cluster approach. The baseline examination included non-cycloplegic auto-refractometry and questionnaire interview.

Association between second-hand smoking and acute coronary heart disease among Arab women with multiple risk factors.

Background: Active smoking is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the role of second-hand smoking (SHS) needs further investigation. We aimed to study the association between SHS and CHD in Arab women in Israel.

Fixed-dose combination and single active ingredient drugs: a comparative cost analysis.

Background: Fixed-dose combination (FDC) drugs are formulations of two or more active ingredients.

Objectives: To assess the pricing structure and price difference of all US FDA-approved FDCs and single drugs included in the combination.

Methods: Data were collected from the FDA Orange Book and Drugs@FDA.

Ten-Year Mortality after Community-acquired Pneumonia. A Prospective Cohort.

Rationale: Information on the long-term prognosis after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is limited.

Objectives: To determine if CAP increases adverse long-term outcomes relative to a control population.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2002, 6,078 adults with CAP from six hospitals and seven emergency departments in Edmonton (AB, Canada) were prospectively recruited and matched on age, sex, and site of treatment with five control subjects without pneumonia (n = 29,402).

Vitamin D3 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced placental inflammation through reinforcing interaction between vitamin D receptor and nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit.

It is increasingly recognized that vitamin D3 (VitD3) has an anti-inflammatory activity. The present study investigated the effects of maternal VitD3 supplementation during pregnancy on LPS-induced placental inflammation and fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). All pregnant mice except controls were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD)15-17.

Energy Balance 4 Kids with Play: Results from a Two-Year Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Background: Identifying sustainable approaches to improving the physical activity (PA) and nutrition environments in schools is an important public health goal. This study examined the impact of Energy Balance for Kids with Play (EB4K with Play), a school-based intervention developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation and Playworks, on students' PA, dietary habits and knowledge, and weight status over 2 years.

Methods: This cluster-randomized, controlled trial took place in four intervention and two control schools over 2 years (n=879; third- to fifth-grade students).

Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article.

Happiness underlying factors are considerable from two dimensions: endogenic factors (biological, cognitive, personality and ethical sub-factors) and exogenic factors (behavioral, socialcultural, economical, geographical, life events and aesthetics sub-factors). Among all endogenic factors, biological sub-factors are the significant predictors of happiness. Existence of significant differences in temperament and happiness of infants is an indicator of biological influences.

Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of fetal growth restriction: a population-based birth cohort study.

We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study. In this study, 3187 pregnant women were recruited. For serum zinc level, 2940 pregnant women were sufficient (≥56 μg/dL) and 247 deficient (<56 μg/dL).

Predictive Power for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Dynamic Change of Metabolic Syndrome, Dynamic Change of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Metabolic Syndrome and Fasting Plasma Glucose.

Background: The aim was to compare the predictive power for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using dynamic change (Difference) of metabolic syndrome (MS), Difference of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), baseline MS and FPG in cohort study.

Methods: Overall, 3461 subjects were recruited from Prevention of Multiple Metabolic disorders and MS in Jiangsu of China Study with 3.8 years follow-up.

Age-specific epidemic waves of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in a subtropical city.

Both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are active throughout the year in subtropical or tropical regions, but few studies have reported on age-specific seasonal patterns of these viruses. We examined the age-specific epidemic curves of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A (subtyped into seasonal A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09), influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in subtropical city Hong Kong from 2004 to 2013. We found that different types and subtypes of influenza showed similar two-peak patterns across age groups, with one peak in winter and another in spring/summer.

The association between peer, parental influence and tobacco product features and earlier age of onset of regular smoking among adults in 27 European countries.

Background: Factors that influence smoking initiation and age of smoking onset are important considerations in tobacco control. We evaluated European Union (EU)-wide differences in the age of onset of regular smoking, and the potential role of peer, parental and tobacco product design features on the earlier onset of regular smoking among adults <40 years old in 27 EU countries.

Methods: We analysed data from 4442 current and former smokers aged 15-39 years, collected for the Eurobarometer 77.

The Uyghur population and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: potential role for variants in CDKAL1, JAZF1, and IGF1 genes.

Substantial evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease with a strong genetic component. A list of genetic susceptibility loci in populations of European and Asian ancestry has been established in the literature. Little is known on the inter-ethnic contribution of such established functional polymorphic variants.

If we offer it, will children buy it? Sales of healthy foods mirrored their availability in a community sport, commercial setting in Alberta, Canada.

Background: Community sports settings are often sources of unhealthy foods for children. Many managers in these settings are reluctant to increase availability of healthy food options because they perceive that healthy foods are not profitable. This study assessed the independent contribution of increased availability of healthy foods to their sales in a community sport, commercial context.