Trust me if you can: a survey on reliability and interpretability of machine learning approaches for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer.

With the ever-increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, mitigating risks associated with their use has become one of the most urgent scientific and societal issues. To this end, the European Union passed the EU AI Act, proposing solution strategies that can be summarized under the umbrella term trustworthiness. In anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction, machine learning (ML) methods are developed for application in medical decision support systems, which require an extraordinary level of trustworthiness.

Reliable anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction and prioritization.

The application of machine learning (ML) to solve real-world problems does not only bear great potential but also high risk. One fundamental challenge in risk mitigation is to ensure the reliability of the ML predictions, i.e.

Comparison of Metal Artifact Reduction in Dual- and Single-Source CT: A Vertebral Phantom Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the capability of two algorithms for metal artifact reduction and virtual monoenergetic imaging (VME), a metal artifact reduction application for dual-source CT.

Materials And Methods: A bovine vertebra phantom with 16 artificial osteolyses and two 20 × 4.5 mm stainless steel screws was scanned on two single-source CT scanner and one dual-source CT scanner at a dose identical to the single-source acquisitions.

Is Ego Depletion Real? An Analysis of Arguments.

An influential line of research suggests that initial bouts of self-control increase the susceptibility to self-control failure (ego depletion effect). Despite seemingly abundant evidence, some researchers have suggested that evidence for ego depletion was the sole result of publication bias and p-hacking, with the true effect being indistinguishable from zero. Here, we examine (a) whether the evidence brought forward against ego depletion will convince a proponent that ego depletion does not exist and (b) whether arguments that could be brought forward in defense of ego depletion will convince a skeptic that ego depletion does exist.

Does Self-Control Training Improve Self-Control? A Meta-Analysis.

Self-control is positively associated with a host of beneficial outcomes. Therefore, psychological interventions that reliably improve self-control are of great societal value. A prominent idea suggests that training self-control by repeatedly overriding dominant responses should lead to broad improvements in self-control over time.

The Color Red Supports Avoidance Reactions to Unhealthy Food.

Empirical evidence suggests that the color red acts like an implicit avoidance cue in food contexts. Thus specific colors seem to guide the implicit evaluation of food items. We built upon this research by investigating the implicit meaning of color (red vs.

Mathematical models for dermal drug absorption.

Introduction: Mathematical models of dermal transport offer the advantages of being much faster and less expensive than in vitro or in vivo studies. The number of methods used to create such models has been increasing rapidly, probably due to the steady rise in computational power. Although each of the various approaches has its own virtues and limitations, it may be difficult to decide which approach is best suited to address a given problem.