Building a community of practice in rural medical education: growing our own together.

Context: This article chronicles the rise, decline, and recent resurgence of rural training track residency programs (RTTs) in the USA over the past 30 years and the emergence of a healthy community of practice in rural medical education. This has occurred during a time in the USA when federal and state funding of graduate medical education has been relatively stagnant and the rules around finance and accreditation of rural programs have been challenging.

Issue: Many of the early family residency programs developed in the 1970s included a curricular focus on rural practice.

Sibling sRNA RyfA1 Influences Shigella dysenteriae Pathogenesis.

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) of Shigella dysenteriae and other pathogens are vital for the regulation of virulence-associated genes and processes. Here, we characterize RyfA1, one member of a sibling pair of sRNAs produced by S. dysenteriae.

Pyrolysis of hydrochar from digestate: Effect of hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis temperatures on pyrochar formation.

Digestate from anaerobic digestion of biomass often contains more than 90% of water, which is economically unfavorable for pyrolysis. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has potential to treat very wet biomass, however, the hydrochar may be acidic, contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toxic organic substances (e.g.

Stalking Victimization and Substance Use in College Dating Relationships: An Exploratory Analysis.

Traditionally, most dating violence research has focused on physical aggression and has left stalking behaviors largely unexamined, despite evidence that stalking of an intimate partner occurs with high frequency. Moreover, the extent to which stalking victimization has the same negative mental health consequences as other forms of dating violence is unclear. Thus, using a sample of male and female undergraduate students in current dating relationships ( = 357), the association between stalking victimization and alcohol and drug use was explored.

Rate and Predictors of Endoscopic Mucosal Healing in Biologic Naive Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Azathioprine Treatment: A Real World, 10 Years' Experience from a Single Centre in Turkey.

Background: There is increasing evidence that endoscopic mucosal healing (EMH) is a key target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. However, there is limited evidence of EMH rates with conventional IBD therapy outside of Western population groups.

Ai̇m: To evaluate the role of azathioprine (AZA) in inducing EMH in IBD patients.

Rates of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With ADHD.

Objective: Research has demonstrated an association between ADHD and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, it is unclear whether adults with ADHD persisting from childhood are especially at risk, and whether ADHD is a unique risk factor beyond well-established predictors of IPV.

Method: Adults with ( n = 95) and without childhood histories of ADHD ( n = 121) who were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk reported their levels of IPV perpetration and victimization, and provided data on additional risk factors of IPV (e.

Effectiveness of blood flow restricted exercise compared with standard exercise in patients with recurrent low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low back pain is a highly prevalent condition in the United States and has a staggeringly negative impact on society in terms of expenses and disability. It has previously been suggested that rehabilitation strategies for persons with recurrent low back pain should be directed to the medial back muscles as these muscles provide functional support of the lumbar region. However, many individuals with low back pain cannot safely and effectively induce trunk muscle adaptation using traditional high-load resistance exercise, and no viable low-load protocols to induce trunk extensor muscle adaptation exist.

Development and Validation of a Six-Item Version of the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory.

The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) is a frequently used, 48-item measure of maladaptive dependency. Our goal was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a very brief version of the IDI. An exploratory factor analysis of the IDI in Study 1 ( N = 838) yielded a six-item IDI (IDI-6), with three items loading on an emotional dependency factor (IDI-6-ED), and the other three items loading on a functional dependency factor (IDI-6-FD).

Screening Amazon's Mechanical Turk for Adults With ADHD.

Researchers are increasingly using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk; www.mturk.com ) to recruit study participants.

Perceptions of Dating Violence and Associated Correlates: A Study of College Young Adults.

The purpose of this study was to better understand young adults' perceptions of what behaviors constitute intimate partner violence (IPV) and the correlates of these perceptions using a comprehensive measure of IPV perceptions and behaviors. Participants were undergraduates (aged 18-25), including 357 women and 346 men ( N = 703) from the midwestern region of the United States, who completed surveys for course credit. Results demonstrated that young women and men on average reported that acts of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were abusive.

Where Children With ADHD Direct Visual Attention During Emotion Knowledge Tasks: Relationships to Accuracy, Response Time, and ADHD Symptoms.

Objective: Inattention may contribute to emotion recognition deficits in children with ADHD. In the current study, we compared the viewing patterns for emotion stimuli between children with and without ADHD and examined the relationship between viewing patterns, emotion knowledge accuracy, response time, and ADHD symptoms.

Method: Eye-tracking technology recorded viewing patterns for emotion stimuli among 45 children (60% male; control n = 26, ADHD n = 19).

ADHD Symptoms as Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization.

Preliminary evidence underscores links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. However, little is known about whether ADHD symptoms are uniquely associated with IPV perpetration and victimization beyond well-established risk factors of IPV commonly associated with the disorder. In a cross-sectional design, 433 college students rated their ADHD symptoms as well as frequencies of psychological and physical IPV perpetration and victimization.

Research Reactions Following Participation in Intimate Partner Violence Research: An Examination With Men in Substance Use Treatment.

There has been increased attention in recent years related to the research reactions of individuals who participate in intimate partner violence (IPV) research. Existing studies demonstrate that participating in IPV research is not emotionally upsetting for the vast majority of participants and that many participants perceive benefit from their research participation. However, almost all of the existing research has utilized non-clinical samples or battered women, failing to examine the research reactions of a clinical sample of men.

Understanding how adolescents and young adults with cancer talk about needs in online and face-to-face support groups.

We compared adolescent and young adult cancer patient and survivor language between mediated and face-to-face support communities in order to understand how the use of certain words frame conversations about family, friends, health, work, achievement, and leisure. We analyzed transcripts from an online discussion board ( N = 360) and face-to-face support group ( N = 569) for adolescent and young adults using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, a word-based computerized text analysis software that counts the frequency of words and word stems. There were significant differences between the online and face-to-face support groups in terms of content (e.

Childhood ADHD Potentiates the Association Between Problematic Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence.

Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). ADHD is associated with problematic drinking and IPV, but it is unclear whether problem drinkers with ADHD are more likely than those without ADHD to perpetrate IPV.

Method: We compared the strength of association between problem drinking trajectories and IPV perpetration among 19- to 24-year-old men with ( n = 241) and without ( n = 180) childhood ADHD.

Associations between preoperative physical therapy and post-acute care utilization patterns and cost in total joint replacement.

Background: Health-care costs following acute hospital care have been identified as a major contributor to regional variation in Medicare spending. This study investigated the associations of preoperative physical therapy and post-acute care resource use and its effect on the total cost of care during primary hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Historical claims data were analyzed using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Limited Data Set files for Diagnosis Related Group 470.

Emotion Dysregulation Is Associated With Social Impairment Among Young Adolescents With ADHD.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate aspects of emotion dysregulation (ED) that characterize young adolescents with ADHD, examine the effects of subtype and comorbidity, and determine the extent to which ED is related to aggression and rule-breaking and social impairment.

Method: We examined which aspects of ED are most relevant to ADHD in 180 young adolescents (75% boys), as well as whether ED differs across ADHD subtypes or comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) status. We also examined the association between ED and aggression, rule-breaking, and social impairment.

Retention of gap length in normal-hearing listeners.

Listener retention of silent, gap-length duration was studied. Just noticeable differences (JNDs) for gap length within standard and comparison stimuli were obtained for intervals with and without intervening noise bursts, including a condition with gapped intervening bursts. Outcomes indicate that gap duration itself can be determinant.

Increased metabolic flexibility and complexity in a long-lived growth hormone insensitive mouse model.

The goal of this study was to test whether the "loss of the complexity" hypothesis can be applied to compare the metabolic patterns of mouse models with known differences in metabolic and endocrine function as well as life span. Here, we compare the complexity of locomotor activity and metabolic patterns (energy expenditure, VO₂, and respiratory quotient) of the long-lived growth hormone receptor gene deleted mice (GHR(-/-)) and their wild-type littermates. Using approximate entropy as a measure of complexity, we observed greater metabolic complexity, as indicated by greater irregularity in the physiological fluctuations of the GHR(-/-) mice.