Cannabis-induced altered states of consciousness are associated with specific dynamic brain connectivity states.

Background: Cannabis, and specifically one of its active compounds delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in recreational doses, has a variety of effects on cognitive processes. Most studies employ resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess the stationary effects of cannabis and to-date one report addressed the impact of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dynamics of whole-brain functional connectivity.

Methods: Using a repeated-measures, within-subjects design, 19 healthy occasional cannabis users (smoking cannabis ⩽2 per week) underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Correlates of internalized stigma levels in people with psychosis in the Czech Republic.

Background: Internalized stigma negatively affects lives and prognosis of individuals with psychosis.

Aim: This study aimed to identify correlates of internalized stigma among individuals with psychosis in a sample of community care users in the Czech Republic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 community service users with psychosis.

EEG Neurofeedback Training in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cognitive and Behavioral Outcome Study.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood disorder with symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. EEG neurofeedback training (NFT) is a new intervention modality based on operant conditioning of brain activity, which helps reduce symptoms of ADHD in children.

Methods And Procedures: To examine the efficacy of NFT in children with ADHD, an experimental longitudinal design with pre-post comparison was adopted.

L1CAM Immunopositivity in Anaplastic Supratentorial Ependymomas: Correlation With Clinical and Histological Parameters.

Supratentorial ependymomas (ST EPNs) are molecularly characterized, of which the RELA fusion positive tumors are the most common and aggressive subgroup. Moreover, histologically, anaplastic ST EPN (ST-AE) often mimic other central nervous system primary high-grade tumors resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. We aimed to study a cohort of ST-AE; evaluate the expression of two RELA fusion-associated markers-L1CAM and p65 (NF-κB); and correlate their expression with clinical and histological parameters.

Latent Schizencephaly With Psychotic Phenotype or Schizophrenia With Schizencephaly? A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objectives: Although schizencephaly belongs to the class of neurodevelopmental disorders, which are a well-known predisposing factor for psychosis, there is a lack of relevant studies and diagnostic guidelines on this relationship.

Method: A case report of first-episode psychosis with persistent negative symptoms associated with schizencephaly is described and compared with 7 other cases found in the literature.

Results: We found perinatal pathology, cognitive deficit, and EEG abnormality in a patient with atypical initial symptoms of psychosis such as olfactory hallucinations.

Predictors of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming in Czech teenagers.

Background and aims Young people's involvement in online gaming and the use of social media are increasing rapidly, resulting in a high number of excessive Internet users in recent years. The objective of this paper is to analyze the situation of excessive Internet use among adolescents in the Czech Republic and to reveal determinants of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming. Methods Data from secondary school students (N = 4,887) were collected within the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs.

Anaplastic Ependymoma With Ganglionic Differentiation: Report of a Rare Case and Implications in Diagnosis.

Ependymomas are glial neoplasms with rare cases exhibiting neuronal differentiation. We describe a case of spinal anaplastic ependymoma with ganglionic differentiation in a 28-year-old woman. The ganglionic component was labeled by synaptophysin, whereas the rest of the tumor showed features of an anaplastic ependymoma.

Loss of δ-catenin function in severe autism.

Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder affecting more males than females; consequently, under a multifactorial genetic hypothesis, females are affected only when they cross a higher biological threshold. We hypothesize that deleterious variants at conserved residues are enriched in severely affected patients arising from female-enriched multiplex families with severe disease, enhancing the detection of key autism genes in modest numbers of cases. Here we show the use of this strategy by identifying missense and dosage sequence variants in the gene encoding the adhesive junction-associated δ-catenin protein (CTNND2) in female-enriched multiplex families and demonstrating their loss-of-function effect by functional analyses in zebrafish embryos and cultured hippocampal neurons from wild-type and Ctnnd2 null mouse embryos.

Structural basis for bifunctional peptide recognition at human δ-opioid receptor.

Bifunctional μ- and δ-opioid receptor (OR) ligands are potential therapeutic alternatives, with diminished side effects, to alkaloid opiate analgesics. We solved the structure of human δ-OR bound to the bifunctional δ-OR antagonist and μ-OR agonist tetrapeptide H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2 (DIPP-NH2) by serial femtosecond crystallography, revealing a cis-peptide bond between H-Dmt and Tic. The observed receptor-peptide interactions are critical for understanding of the pharmacological profiles of opioid peptides and for development of improved analgesics.

Molecular control of δ-opioid receptor signalling.

Opioids represent widely prescribed and abused medications, although their signal transduction mechanisms are not well understood. Here we present the 1.8 Å high-resolution crystal structure of the human δ-opioid receptor (δ-OR), revealing the presence and fundamental role of a sodium ion in mediating allosteric control of receptor functional selectivity and constitutive activity.