Excess weight by degree and duration and cancer risk (ABACus2 consortium): a cohort study and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Elevated body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m is a major preventable cause of cancer. A single BMI measure does not capture the degree and duration of exposure to excess BMI. We investigate associations between adulthood overweight-years, incorporating exposure time to BMI ≥25 kg/m and cancer incidence, and compare this with single BMI.

The dynamics of hematopoiesis over the human lifespan.

Over a lifetime, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adjust their lineage output to support age-aligned physiology. In model organisms, stereotypic waves of hematopoiesis have been observed corresponding to defined age-biased HSC hallmarks. However, how the properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells change over the human lifespan remains unclear.

[F]Fluorthanatrace PET in Ovarian Cancer: Comparison with [F]FDG PET, Lesion Location, Tumor Grade, and Breast Cancer Gene Mutation Status.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitors have improved ovarian cancer treatment outcomes. However, clinical response remains heterogeneous. Existing biomarkers, mainly breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (), are suboptimal.

Management of individuals with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in ATM: A clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).

Purpose: ATM germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) are associated with a moderately increased risk of female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Resources for managing ATM heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited.

Methods: An international workgroup developed a clinical practice resource to guide management of ATM heterozygotes using peer-reviewed publications and expert opinion.

RT-RPA as a dual tool for detection and phylogenetic analysis of epidemic arthritogenic alphaviruses.

Chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV), and Mayaro (MAYV) viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and known to cause a debilitating arthritogenic syndrome. These alphaviruses have emerged and re-emerged, leading to outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, South America, and Africa. Despite their prevalence, there persists a critical gap in the availability of sensitive and virus-specific point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.

Impact of ABCB1 single-nucleotide variants on early, extremely severe neutropenia induced by paclitaxel/nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with gastric cancer.

Aims: Paclitaxel and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel can cause early, extremely severe neutropenia, occasionally leading to fatal outcomes. As paclitaxel is a substrate of P-glycoprotein, this study aimed to investigate the impact of ABCB1 single-nucleotide variants, which encode P-glycoprotein, on early, extremely severe neutropenia in patients receiving paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as second-line therapy for unresectable advanced/recurrent gastric cancer.

Methods: We analysed patients treated at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from January 2018 to August 2023, with DNA samples stored in the Cancer BioBank Aichi.

Practice Patterns and Trends in the Surgical Management of Mismatch Repair Deficient Colon Cancer.

Introduction: Defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway can predispose individuals to colorectal cancer (CRC), with germline mutations in this pathway leading to Lynch syndrome. Consequently, universal MMR testing is recommended for all newly diagnosed CRC patients to detect mismatch repair deficient (MMR-D) tumors, enabling informed treatment decisions. Given the increased potential for metachronous disease in patients with Lynch syndrome, the current guidelines for surgical management of Lynch-associated colon cancer recommend extended resection in patients under age 60.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Background: The lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer in women with a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is not well established. In an international prospective cohort of female carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer from age 40 until 80 years was estimated.

Methods: A total of 8295 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were followed for new cases of pancreatic cancer.

Which dietary patterns fend off nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review of observational and interventional studies.

Background: The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has significantly risen over the past decade. Dietary intake strongly influences its development and should be a component of any prevention and treatment plan strategy. Dietary pattern analysis enables the investigation of the overall diet and permits the consideration of interactions and cumulative effects of dietary components.

Evaluating the Impact of Liver Vasculature Model Complexity for Estimating Dose to Circulating Blood During Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: To assess the impact of liver model complexity on the estimated radiation dose to circulating blood during radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were selected covering a range of clinical treatment volume (CTV) sizes and locations. Photon and proton treatment plans were generated for each patient.

Colorectal cancer screening using a multi-locus blood-based assay targeting circulating tumor DNA methylation: a cross-sectional study in an average-risk population.

Background: Effective screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) enables earlier diagnosis and intervention to improve patient survival.

Methods: In this study, we prospectively conducted a blood-based CRC screening program for community residents in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, and evaluated the screening efficacy of a blood-based multi-locus DNA methylation assay (ColonAiQ). The ColonAiQ-positive rate and colonoscopy participation rate of the population, detection rate of intestinal lesions, and positive predictive value (PPV) of CRC and advanced adenoma (AA) were calculated, and the associated factors were explored.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Immunosuppression, UV Radiation, and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus.

Importance: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive skin cancer. Quantifying the contribution of major potentially modifiable risk factors to the burden of MCC may inform prevention efforts.

Objective: To estimate the population attributable fraction of MCC cases in the US that were attributable to major immunosuppressing conditions (eg, HIV, solid organ transplant, chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL]), ambient UV radiation [UVR] exposure, and Merkel cell polyomavirus [MCPyV]).

Type II diabetes and metformin use does not affect colorectal cancer prognosis.

Previous studies on the impact of metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes have been limited by small size and confounding by indication, yielding inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to assess whether diabetes and pre-diagnostic metformin use influence CRC prognosis. The study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden, a register-linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register with linkage to national health care registers and demographic registers.

The Relationship of Duffy Gene Polymorphism with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Black Individuals.

Black adults have higher incidence of all-cause mortality and worse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes when compared to other U.S. populations.

Plasma prolactin and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a pooled analysis of four prospective cohort studies.

Background: Prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, regulates breast development and may contribute to breast cancer etiology. However, most epidemiologic studies of prolactin and breast cancer have been restricted to single, often small, study samples with limited exploration of effect modification.

Methods: The Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction consortium includes 8,279 postmenopausal women sampled from four prospective cohort studies, of whom 3,441 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer after enrollment.