An Epidemiological Study of Substance Use Disorders Among Emerging and Young Adults.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among emerging adults and quantified the extent to which emerging adults, compared with young adults, have increased odds for SUDs.

Methods: Data were from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Respondents were 15 to 39 y of age ( n = 9228) and were categorized as: early emerging adults (15 to 22 y); late emerging adults (23 to 29 y); and, young adults (30 to 39 y).

Experiences and Expressions of Spirituality at the End of Life in the Intensive Care Unit.

Rationale: The austere setting of the intensive care unit (ICU) can suppress expressions of spirituality.

Objectives: To describe how family members and clinicians experience and express spirituality during the dying process in a 21-bed medical-surgical ICU.

Methods: Reflecting the care of 70 dying patients, we conducted 208 semistructured qualitative interviews with 76 family members and 150 clinicians participating in the Three Wishes Project.

Need and Use of Healthcare Services in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the commonest cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), aged 15-29 years. While the survival rate is high, many survivors experience adverse late effects of therapy. Yet, this age group in general makes limited use of health services.

Lack of association between type 2 diabetes and major depression: epidemiologic and genetic evidence in a multiethnic population.

The positive association between depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been controversial, and little is known about the molecular determinants linking these disorders. Here we investigated the association between T2D and depression at the clinical and genetic level in a multiethnic cohort. We studied 17,404 individuals from EpiDREAM (3209 depression cases and 14,195 controls) who were at risk for T2D and had both phenotypic and genotypic information available at baseline.

Interventions for Enhancing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): A Systematic Review of High Quality Studies.

We sought to review the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) from studies included in a recent Cochrane review that reported a clinical and an adherence outcome, with at least 80% follow-up for 6 months or more. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate, with an adjudicator for disagreements. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Model evaluation based on the negative predictive value for interval-censored survival outcomes.

In many cohort studies, time to events such as disease recurrence is recorded in an interval-censored format. An important objective is to predict patient outcomes. Clinicians are interested in predictive covariates.

Methadone induces testosterone suppression in patients with opioid addiction.

Sex hormones may have a role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders, as demonstrated by the association between testosterone and addictive behaviour in opioid dependence. Although opioid use has been found to suppress testosterone levels in men and women, the extent of this effect and how it relates to methadone treatment for opioid dependence is unclear. The present multi-centre cross-sectional study consecutively recruited 231 patients with opioid dependence from methadone clinics across Ontario, Canada between June and December of 2011.

Prenatal famine exposure, health in later life and promoter methylation of four candidate genes.

Poor nutrition during fetal development can permanently alter growth, cardiovascular physiology and metabolic function. Animal studies have shown that prenatal undernutrition followed by balanced postnatal nutrition alters deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation of gene promoter regions of candidate metabolic control genes in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate whether methylation status of the proximal promoter regions of four candidate genes differed between individuals exposed to the Dutch famine in utero.