Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Importance of Sampling in a Quantitative Statistical Study.

Background: Results on parental burden during the COVID-19 pandemic are predominantly available from nonrepresentative samples. Although sample selection can significantly influence results, the effects of sampling strategies have been largely underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how sampling strategy may impact study results.

Tolerance for uncertainty and medical students' specialty choices: A myth revisited.

Background: In 1962, the idea emerged that medical students' tolerance of uncertainty could determine their specialty choice. While some studies supported this claim, others refuted it, often using independently developed instruments. We explored whether the reported link between specialty choice and uncertainty tolerance is more myth than evidence by employing established instruments to investigate whether specialty choice could be explained by variance in uncertainty tolerance.

Effects of an intervention targeting social media app use on well-being outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Interventions targeting social media use show mixed results in improving well-being outcomes, particularly for persons with problematic forms of smartphone use. This study assesses the effectiveness of an intervention app in enhancing well-being outcomes and the moderating role of persons' perceptions about problematic smartphone use (PSU).

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, N = 70 participants, allocated to the intervention (n = 35) or control condition (n = 35), completed weekly online surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Quantitative interpretation and modelling of continuous nonprotein respiratory quotients.

The Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), which is the ratio of total carbon dioxide produced over total oxygen consumed, serves as a qualitative measure to determine the substrate usage of a particular organism on the whole-body level. Quantification of RER by its direct conversion into %Glucose (%G) and %Lipid oxidation (%L) at a given timepoint can be done by utilizing nonprotein respiratory quotient tables. These tables, however, are limited to specific increments, and intermediate RER values are not covered by these tables.

Characterisation of Strains and Their Prophages That Carry Horse-Specific Leukocidin Genes .

Leukocidins of (.) are bicomponent toxins that form polymeric pores in host leukocyte membranes, leading to cell death and/or triggering apoptosis. Some of these toxin genes are located on prophages and are associated with specific hosts.

Assessing the TNM Classification for Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee: Predictive Validity for Functional and Subjective Outcomes.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following knee arthroplasty can significantly compromise patient mobility and quality of life. The newly proposed TNM classification system, adapted from oncology, categorizes PJI severity but has not yet been correlated with both subjective and objective outcomes post PJI treatment. This study evaluates the applicability of the TNM classification system for predicting outcomes in knee PJI revision surgeries.

The Representational Challenge of Integration and Interoperability in Transformed Health Ecosystems.

: Health and social care systems around the globe are currently undergoing a transformation towards personalized, preventive, predictive, participative precision medicine (5PM), considering the individual health status, conditions, genetic and genomic dispositions, etc., in personal, social, occupational, environmental, and behavioral contexts. This transformation is strongly supported by technologies such as micro- and nanotechnologies, advanced computing, artificial intelligence, edge computing, etc.

Deep-Learning-Based Reconstruction of Single-Breath-Hold 3 mm HASTE Improves Abdominal Image Quality and Reduces Acquisition Time: A Quantitative Analysis.

Breath-hold T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the upper abdomen with a slice thickness below 5 mm suffers from high image noise and blurring. The purpose of this prospective study was to improve image quality and accelerate imaging acquisition by using single-breath-hold T2-weighted HASTE with deep learning (DL) reconstruction (DL-HASTE) with a 3 mm slice thickness. MRI of the upper abdomen with DL-HASTE was performed in 35 participants (5 healthy volunteers and 30 patients) at 3 Tesla.

Necrosis in Preoperative Cross-Sectional Imaging and Postoperative Histology Is a Diagnostic Marker for Malignancy of Adrenocortical Tumors.

Necrosis in postoperative histology has been reported as being specific for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) compared to adenoma. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the finding of necrosis in preoperative cross-sectional imaging and postoperative histology as a marker for ACC in our patient cohort. Among the 411 adrenalectomies in 396 patients performed between 2008 and April 2022, 30 cases of ACC (7.

Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting both children and adults, which often leads to significant difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and working memory. These challenges can impact various cognitive and perceptual domains, including music perception and performance. Despite these difficulties, individuals with ADHD frequently engage with music, and previous research has shown that music listening can serve as a means of increasing stimulation and self-regulation.

Quantum Contextual Hypergraphs, Operators, Inequalities, and Applications in Higher Dimensions.

Quantum contextuality plays a significant role in supporting quantum computation and quantum information theory. The key tools for this are the Kochen-Specker and non-Kochen-Specker contextual sets. Traditionally, their representation has been predominantly operator-based, mainly focusing on specific constructs in dimensions ranging from three to eight.

miR-223 and Chromogranin A Affect Inflammatory Immune Cell Activation in Liver Metastasis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group originating from endocrine cells/their precursors in pancreas, small intestine, or lung. The key serum marker is chromogranin A (CgA). While commonly elevated in patients with NEN, its prognostic value is still under discussion.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of NAD(P)H in Patients' Lymphocytes: Evaluation of Efficacy of Immunotherapy.

Background: The wide variability in clinical responses to anti-tumor immunotherapy drives the search for personalized strategies. One of the promising approaches is drug screening using patient-derived models composed of tumor and immune cells. In this regard, the selection of an appropriate in vitro model and the choice of cellular response assay are critical for reliable predictions.

A Scoping Review of Eosinophilic Pneumonia and Antidepressants: An Association Not to Be Overlooked.

: Eosinophilic pneumonias denote a rare condition, wherein infiltrating eosinophilic granulocytes accumulate within the lung parenchyma. Although eosinophilic pneumonias may be idiopathic, they are also associated with secondary causes. More than 110 medications have been linked to eosinophilic pneumonia, including several antidepressants.

Peri-Traumatic Near-Infrared Light Treatment Attenuates the Severity of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Rescuing (Type I) Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Mice.

Background: Previous studies have shown that multiple post-traumatic irradiations of the cochlea with near-infrared light (NIR) can significantly reduce noise-induced hearing loss. However, a single NIR pre-treatment was shown to have the same effect. Extending the pre-treatment time did not result in any further reduction in hearing loss.

Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a general emergency department patient cohort - results of an observational cohort study.

Background: Testing for (SA) colonization in emergency department (ED) patients may guide prevention strategies against hospital acquired infections (HAI). This study determined the prevalence of SA carriers in a general ED population, characterized the population, and identified predictors for SA colonization.

Methods: A prospective monocentric observational cohort study in a tertiary care hospital collected nasopharyngeal swabs in 1,000 adult patients.

Role of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension.

Background: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), mainly known for its neuroprotective properties, belongs to the IL-6 (interleukin-6) cytokine family. In contrast to IL-6, the effects of CNTF on the vasculature have not been explored. Here, we examined the role of CNTF in AngII (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension.

Arthroscopic-Assisted Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction of the Knee: Novel Technique, Classification, Surgical Algorithm, and Midterm Results.

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce a new arthroscopic method for reconstructing the popliteus tendon (PT). This minimally invasive technique is performed through the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, which can reconstruct the posterolateral rotary instability (PLRI) of the knee.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients (8 females, 31 males) with PLC injury and normal knee alignment underwent arthroscopic PT reconstruction.

Sex disparities in ICU care and outcomes after cardiac arrest: a Swiss nationwide analysis.

Background: Conflicting data exist regarding sex-specific outcomes after cardiac arrest. This study investigates sex disparities in the provision of critical care and outcomes of in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

Methods: Analysis of adult cardiac arrest patients admitted to certified Swiss intensive care units (ICUs) (01/2008-12/2022) using the nationwide prospective ICU registry.

Effects of genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of HuR on gene expression, iron metabolism, and hormone levels.

Background: HuR/ELAV1, a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein, belongs to the RNA-binding protein family and is crucial for stabilizing and regulating the translation of various mRNA targets, influencing gene expression. Elevated HuR levels are associated with multiple disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the identification of small molecule inhibitors targeting HuR, their detailed characterization remains limited.

Satisfied with the worst health outcomes or unsatisfied with the best: explaining the divergence between good patient-reported outcomes and low satisfaction and vice versa among knee arthroplasty patients - a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis but some patients exhibit a discrepancy between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient satisfaction (PS). This study aims to identify predictors for patients reporting unfavorable PROs but high PS and vice versa.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study categorized patients from nine German hospitals into four groups based on (i) whether they achieved a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in knee functionality, measured with a joint-specific PRO from admission to 12-month post-surgery; and (ii) whether they were satisfied at 12 months post-surgery.

Fast vocal-motor tracking of escaping prey in echolocating bats.

Background: Echolocating bats face an intense arms race with insect prey that can detect bat calls and initiate evasive maneuvers. Their high closing speeds and short biosonar ranges leave bats with only a few 100 ms between detection and capture, suggesting a reactive sensory-motor operation that might preclude tracking of escaping prey. Here we test this hypothesis using greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) as a model species.

An interactive course program on nutrition for medical students: interdisciplinary development and mixed-methods evaluation.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human and planetary health, as prevailing nutritional patterns significantly contribute to the global non-communicable disease pandemic. Moreover, the global food system is inextricably linked to planetary health deterioration. The relevance of nutrition for individual and planetary health is insufficiently addressed in German medical schools.