Non-Hispanic Black Adolescents' Self-Reported Health Behaviors Associated With Childhood Obesity in an Urban Clinic.

Background: The prevalence of children with overweight or obese weight status in the United States is ~30%. Limited data exist on urban adolescents' self-reported health behaviors and their perceptions to healthy living.

Objectives: To examine adolescents' self-reported health behaviors and perceived barriers and their associations with weight status.

Correlation between the distance from the pubic symphysis to the sacrum with pelvic incidence.

Introduction: The distance between the pubic symphysis and sacrococcygeal joint has been noted as an important parameter in evaluating pelvic tilt in an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph. Similarly, pelvic incidence measures the sagittal balance of the pelvis and is influenced by pelvic rotation. The relationship between these 2 parameters is unknown and could affect interpretation of pelvic AP radiographs.

Surgical Versus Medical Team Assignment and Secondary Palliative Care Services for Patients Dying in a Cardiac Hospital.

Background:: Secondary palliative care (SPC) provides several benefits for patients with cardiovascular disease, but historically, it has been underutilized in this population. Prior research suggests a low rate of SPC consultation by surgical teams in general, but little is known about how surgical teams utilize SPC in the setting of severe cardiovascular disease.

Aim:: To determine if surgical team assignment affects the probability of SPC for inpatients dying of cardiovascular disease.

Associations among comorbid anxiety, psychiatric symptomatology, and diabetic control in a population with serious mental illness and diabetes: Findings from an interventional randomized controlled trial.

Objective Serious mental illness and type II diabetes mellitus have a high comorbidity, and both have a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders compared to the general population. Targeted Training in Illness Management is a group-based self-management training approach which targets serious mental illness and type II diabetes mellitus concurrently. This analysis examines data from a randomized controlled trial of Targeted Training in Illness Management intervention to examine the impact of comorbid anxiety on baseline psychiatric symptomatology and diabetic control, and on longitudinal treatment outcomes.

Outpatient Palliative Cardiology Service Embedded Within a Heart Failure Clinic: Experiences With an Emerging Model of Care.

Background: The role of palliative care consultation in the outpatient treatment of patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) is poorly studied. In August 2015, we created an outpatient palliative care service embedded within the HF clinic at Cleveland Clinic main campus.

Aim: To characterize patients cared for by our novel outpatient palliative cardiology service, including their degree of HF, symptoms, comorbidities, topics addressed in clinic, palliative treatments prescribed, advanced directives status, and mortality.

Effect of the Knowledge and Attitudes of a Support Person on Maternal Feeding Choice.

Background: Breastfeeding rates among urban, low-income populations are lower than the national average, and social support can affect breastfeeding initiation and duration both positively and negatively. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of the presence of a support person and breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of that person on a mother's feeding choice and perceived level of support for her choice.

Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 192 mothers receiving care for their infants in the Pediatric Practice at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, along with 74 adults accompanying these mothers.

Association of Postpartum Predischarge Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate with In-Hospital Breastfeeding Initiation.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between postpartum predischarge depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (ppDMPA) and in-hospital breastfeeding initiation, and the secondary exploratory aim was to determine if any racial disparities are associated with ppDMPA receipt or its relationship to breastfeeding initiation.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective chart review of maternal and newborn records at a large urban academic medical center. Variables extracted included in-hospital feeding choice, obstetrical and sociodemographic variables, infant characteristics, and ppDMPA receipt.

Potential for Therapeutic Benefit among Cystic Fibrosis Populations Excluded from Clinical Trials or Labeling of Marketed Therapies.

Remarkable advances in the management of individuals born with cystic fibrosis (CF) would not have been realized without empiric trial and error by CF clinicians with treatments developed and available for other purposes. As the testing and registration of CF-specific treatments have increased, so too have associated health care costs, particularly those of chronic medications. The transition of CF from a lethal pediatric disease to a life-shortening one with an adult majority, concurrent with sharp increases in chronic medication costs, has placed many CF treatments under increased scrutiny by third-party payers, particularly when prescribed to individuals from CF subpopulations that may not have been included in registration trials.

Peri-procedural imaging for transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

Mitral regurgitation (MR) has a high prevalence in older patient populations of industrialized nations. Common etiologies are structural, degenerative MR and functional MR secondary to myocardial remodeling. Because of co-morbidities and associated high surgical risk, open surgical mitral repair/replacement is deferred in a significant percentage of patients.

Multiples and parents of multiples prefer same arm randomization of siblings in neonatal trials.

Objective: Although common among Neonatal Intensive Care Units, multiples births are randomized inconsistently within trials, which can impact enrollment, analytical approach and trial outcomes. It is not known what randomization approach (same arm, different arm and independent randomization) is preferred by multiples and their families.

Study Design: Surveys distributed to parents of multiples and adult multiples addressed the preferences on randomization by eliciting the most desired method and likelihood of enrolling twins for each randomization approach.

RIP2 activity in inflammatory disease and implications for novel therapeutics.

The role of NOD2 and RIP2 in inflammatory disease has been paradoxical. Whereas loss-of-function NOD2 polymorphisms cause CD, a granulomatous disease of the gastrointestinal tract, gain-of-function mutations cause EOS-a granulomatous disease primarily affecting the skin, joints, and eyes. Thus, gain-of-function mutations and loss-of-function polymorphisms cause granulomatous inflammatory disease, only in different anatomic locations.