Caring through crisis: The professional quality of pediatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: This study described pediatric nurses' professional quality of life during COVID-19 and explored demographic/clinical practice factors independently associated with compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS).

Design And Methods: The Relational Caring Complexity Theory was used. This study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design to describe professional quality of life of pediatric nurses (demographic questionnaire and ProQOL 5 measure) working during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice.

Prenatal opioid exposure is a major health concern in the United States, with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) escalating in recent years. NOWS occurs upon cessation of in utero opioid exposure and is characterized by increased irritability, disrupted sleep patterns, high-pitched crying, and dysregulated feeding. The main pharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms is treatment with replacement opioids.

Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice.

Unlabelled: Prenatal opioid exposure is a major health concern in the United States, with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) escalating in recent years. NOWS occurs upon cessation of opioid exposure and is characterized by increased irritability, disrupted sleep patterns, high-pitched crying, and dysregulated feeding. The main pharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms is treatment with replacement opioids.

Umbilical cord DNA methylation is associated with body mass index trajectories from birth to adolescence.

Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) in cord blood has been associated with various prenatal factors and birth outcomes. This study sought to fill an important knowledge gap: the link of cord DNAm with child postnatal growth trajectories from birth to age 18 years (y).

Methods: Using data from a US predominantly urban, low-income, multi-ethnic birth cohort (N = 831), we first applied non-parametric methods to identify body-mass-index percentile (BMIPCT) trajectories from birth to age 18 y (the outcome); then, conducted epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of the outcome, interrogating over 700,000 CpG sites profiled by the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.

The harms of punishing substance use during pregnancy.

As rates of substance use have increased in the United States, rates of substance-involved pregnancies have also been on the rise, inspiring new civil policies designed to punish pregnant and parenting individuals who engage in substance use or are living with an untreated substance use disorder. Proponents of punitive civil policies argue that such policies will deter substance use behaviors and/or that substance use during pregnancy deserves punishment for harming the fetus. Current scientific evidence invalidates both claims, offering compelling evidence that punitive civil policies often worsen the harms of substance use for both parent and child.

Drug induced homicide laws may worsen opioid related harms: An example from rural North Carolina.

Drug-induced homicide (DIH) laws typically allow for the prosecution of drug distribution resulting in an overdose fatality as equivalent to homicide or manslaughter. Despite vigorous debate about the appropriateness of DIH laws as a response to overdose, the public health impacts of this increasingly common prosecutorial strategy remain unknown. In this policy analysis, we take up the question of how DIH prosecutions impact local persons and communities through the lens of a high-profile DIH conviction that took place in Haywood County, a rural county located in the Appalachian region of western North Carolina.

Amplifying inequity: The compounding impact of COVID-19 and violence.

While "stay-at-home" orders for COVID-19 were in effect, many American cities witnessed a rise in community and interpersonal violence. Our own institution, the largest regional trauma facility and Boston's safety net hospital, saw a paradoxical rise in penetrating violent trauma admissions despite decreases in other hospital admissions, leading to our most violent summer in five years. It has been established that minoritized and marginalized communities have faced the harshest impacts of the pandemic.

Low sports participation is associated with withdrawn and depressed symptoms in urban, school-age children.

Background: The association between sports participation and mental health has not been studied in primary care samples of school-age children, nor in underrepresented minority children. We assessed the relationship between number of sports played and psychiatric symptoms in children ages 6-11 at well-child visits in an urban clinic.

Methods: Guardians of 206 children (85% Latinx) ages 6-11 completed Child Behavior Checklists (CBCL) in Spanish (66.

Maternal Biomarkers of Acetaminophen Use and Offspring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Previous studies have suggested a positive association between self-reported maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. We sought to examine the prospective association between maternal plasma biomarkers of acetaminophen intake and ADHD diagnosis in the offspring. This report analyzed 1180 children enrolled at birth and followed prospectively as part of the Boston Birth Cohort, including 188 with ADHD diagnosis based on electronic medical record review.

Evaluating the impact of translated written discharge instructions for patients with limited English language proficiency.

Introduction: Patients with limited English language proficiency have indicated that they believe post-operative instructions written in their native language will improve comprehension over verbal translation alone, but the effect of this has not been previously studied. We hypothesize that providing written discharge instructions in Spanish for native Spanish speakers will improve comprehension regarding post-operative care after routine otolaryngologic procedures when compared to instructions written in English.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled subjects who met criteria from June 2016 to November 2016.

Risk of fentanyl-involved overdose among those with past year incarceration: Findings from a recent outbreak in 2014 and 2015.

Overdose is the leading cause of unintentional injury-related death. Rhode Island (RI) has the highest rate of illicit drug use nationally and the 5th highest overdose mortality rate. RI has experienced an outbreak of fentanyl-related overdoses.

Emergent spinal MRI in IVDU patients presenting with back pain: do we need an MRI in every case?

Purpose: Spinal MRI is the exam of choice for the workup of patients with suspected spinal infection. In this retrospective study, we assess the value of obtaining contrast-enhanced spinal MRI for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute back pain and a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU).

Methods: A retrospective IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant review of the imaging findings, reports and electronic charts of 167 consecutive IV drug-using patients (M/F = 96:71, mean age = 40 years) that presented to the ED with acute back pain over a 55-month period and underwent contrast-enhanced spinal MRI within 24 h.

Presence of a yolk sac on transvaginal sonography is the most reliable predictor of single-dose methotrexate treatment failure in ectopic pregnancy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which imaging characteristics can be used as prognostic indicators in conjunction with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP) with single-dose methotrexate (MTX).

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients (age range, 16-47 years; mean, 29 years) treated with MTX for EP from November 2000 to August 2003. The transvaginal sonographic findings in each case were analyzed for the presence and size of an extraovarian mass or a pseudogestational sac, amount of free fluid, presence of a yolk sac, and fetal heart motion.