Short-term evolutionary implications of an introgressed size-determining supergene in a vulnerable population.

The Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata) is a vulnerable species displaying a discrete size-polymorphism in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). We conducted whole genome sequencing of samples collected across its range. Genetic diversity was similar at all sampled sites, but we discovered a ~ 31 megabase bi-allelic supergene associated with the size polymorphism, with the larger size allele having introgressed in the last ~160,000 years B.

Sanctuary for vulnerable Arctic species at the Borealis Mud Volcano.

Borealis is a recently discovered submerged mud volcano in the Polar North Atlantic, differing from the numerous methane seepages previously identified in the region. Here we show in situ observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), capturing the release of warm (11.5 °C) Neogene sediments and methane-rich fluids from a gryphon at Borealis.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N5) detected in an Atlantic walrus () in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 2023.

We present the first documented case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N5 in an Atlantic walrus (). The animal was found dead in Svalbard, Norway, in 2023. Sequence analysis revealed the highest genetic similarity with virus isolates from different avian hosts.

Noise-Tolerant Force Calculations in Density Functional Theory: A Surface Integral Approach for Wavelet-Based Methods.

We introduce a method for computing quantum mechanical forces through surface integrals over the stress tensor within the framework of the density functional theory. This approach avoids the inaccuracies of traditional force calculations using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem when applied to multiresolution wavelet representations of orbitals. By integrating the quantum mechanical stress tensor over surfaces that enclose individual nuclei, we achieve highly accurate forces that exhibit superior consistency with the potential energy surface.

Hospital toilets and drainage systems as a reservoir for a long-term polyclonal outbreak of clinical infections with multidrug-resistant species complex.

Background: Nosocomial outbreaks with multidrug-resistant bacteria with a probable reservoir in hospital toilets and drainage systems have been increasingly reported.

Aim: To investigate an increase in bacteraemia with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing at our hospital in 2021; the epidemiology of the outbreak suggested an environmental source.

Methods: Available clinical isolates from patient with infection or rectal carriage from 2019 to 2022 were collected.

Devonian-Mississippian magmatism related to extensional collapse in Svalbard: implications for radiating dyke swarms.

Background: Despite extensive studies of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic magmatic history of Svalbard, little has been done on the Paleozoic magmatism due to fewer available outcrops.

Methods: 2D seismic reflection data were used to study magmatic intrusions in the subsurface of eastern Svalbard.

Results: This work presents seismic evidence for west-dipping, Middle Devonian-Mississippian sills in eastern Spitsbergen, Svalbard.

Associations between degree of food processing and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort analysis in 9 European countries.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with higher risk of mortality. This multi-centre study investigated associations between food intake by degree of processing, using the Nova classification, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Assessing the feasibility of a spiritual healing intervention for adults with moderate depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Many individuals with depression explore complementary and alternative medicine, including spiritual healing. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the feasibility of a study that integrated spiritual healing with standard care versus standard care alone for adults with moderate depression.

Method: In this pilot RCT with two parallel groups, 28 adult patients with depression were randomized to receive either spiritual healing alongside usual care (n = 14) or usual care alone (n = 14).

Giant pit craters on the modern seafloor above magma-induced hydrothermal vent complexes of Scotia Sea, offshore Antarctica.

Massive injection of C depleted carbon to the ocean and atmosphere coincided with major environmental upheaval multiple times in the geological record. For several events, the source of carbon has been attributed to explosive venting of gas produced when magmatic sills intruded organic-rich sediment. The concept mostly derives from studies of a few ancient sedimentary basins with numerous hydrothermal vent complexes (HTVCs) where craters appear to have formed across large areas of the seafloor at the same time, but good examples remain rare in strata younger than the Early Eocene.

Impact of HPV Catch-Up Vaccination on High-Grade Cervical Lesions (CIN2+) Among Women Aged 26-30 in Northern Norway.

Background/objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer worldwide. In Norway, HPV vaccination was introduced in 2009 for seventh-grade girls and extended through a catch-up program from 2016 to 2019 for women born between 1991 and 1996. This study evaluates the impact of the catch-up vaccination program on the incidence of HPV and high-grade cervical lesions in Troms and Finnmark.

Lipoprotein Signal Peptide as Adjuvants: Leveraging Lipobox-Driven TLR2 Activation in Modern Vaccine Design.

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is a pivotal component of immune system activation, and it is closely linked to the lipidation of bacterial proteins. This lipidation is guided by bacterial signal peptides (SPs), which ensure the precise targeting and membrane anchoring of these proteins. The lipidation process is essential for TLR2 recognition and the activation of robust immune responses, positioning lipidated bacterial proteins as potent immunomodulators and adjuvants for vaccines against bacterial-, viral-, and cancer-related antigens.

The Neurodevelopmental Dynamics of Multilingual Experience During Childhood: A Longitudinal Behavioral, Structural, and Functional MRI Study.

Background/objectives: A neurobiological framework of bi- or multilingual neurocognitive development must consider the following: (i) longitudinal behavioral and neural measures; (ii) brain developmental constraints across structure and function; and (iii) the development of global multilingual competence in a homogeneous social environment. In this study, we investigated whether multilingual competence yields early changes in executive attention control mechanisms and their underlying neural structures in the frontal-striatal system, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplemental area and the left caudate.

Methods: We employed longitudinal neuroimaging and functional connectivity methods in a small group of multilingual children over two years.

Patient cohorts of interest in resuscitation science - Aligning Cardiac Arrest Registry Outputs with Stakeholder Needs.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest registries can benchmark, enhance quality of care and provide data for research. Key stakeholders from Emergency Medical Communication Centre (EMCC), Emergency Medical Services (EMS), In-Hospital Care Providers (IHCP) and Recovery and Rehabilitation Providers (RRP) have different perspectives, and registry results and patient cohorts should be tailored to facilitate benchmarking, quality improvement projects and research in all sections of the chain of survival. In this paper, we describe different cohorts of interest, exemplified by data from the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry (NorCAR).

NO Oxidation States in Nonheme Iron Nitrosyls: A DMRG-CASSCF Study of {FeNO} Complexes.

Building upon an earlier study of heme-nitrosyl complexes (. , , 20496-20505), we examined a wide range of nonheme {FeNO} complexes (the superscript represents the Enemark-Feltham count) and two dinitrosyl iron complexes using DMRG-CASSCF calculations. Analysis of the wave functions in terms of resonance forms with different [π*(NO)] occupancies (where = 0-4 for mononitrosyl complexes) identified the dominant electronic configurations of {FeNO} and {FeNO} complexes as Fe-NO and Fe-NO, respectively, mirroring our previous findings on heme-nitrosyl complexes.

The Multimorbidity Questionnaire (MMQ1): English translation and validation of a Danish patient reported outcome measure for quality of life in people with multiple long-term conditions in a cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: MMQ1 is a Danish-language patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for quality of life (QOL) in people with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). It measures needs-based QOL across six scales: Physical ability, Concerns and worries, Limitations in daily life, Social life, Personal finances and Self-image. There is currently no such measure available in English.

Transaction of parental cognition, stress and depressive symptoms, and infant regulatory challenges.

Parental cognitions, stress, depression, and infant regulatory challenges might reinforce each other in the early parent-infant relationship. A transactional model was used as a framework to investigate these relationships. Two hundred and twenty pregnant women and their partners were recruited during pregnancy and followed 7 months postnatally in the NorBaby study in Norway.

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Machine learning-based sales forecasting during crises: Evidence from a Turkish women's clothing retailer.

Background: Retail involves directly delivering goods and services to end consumers. Natural disasters and epidemics/pandemics have significant potential to disrupt supply chains, leading to shortages, forecasting errors, price increases, and substantial financial strains on retailers. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for retail sectors to prepare for crisis impacts on sales forecasts by regularly assessing and adjusting sales volumes, consumer behavior, and forecasting models to adapt to changing conditions.

Positive end-expiratory pressure increases intracranial pressure but not pressure reactivity index in supine and prone positions: a porcine model study.

Introduction: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and prone positioning can improve gas exchange by promoting uniform lung aeration. However, elevated ventilation pressures may increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and disrupt cerebral autoregulation. This study investigated the effects of PEEP on ICP and cerebral autoregulation in a porcine model with healthy lungs and normal ICP, comparing prone and supine positions.

Prevalence and density of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi larvae in faecal samples of semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway 2013-16.

Background: The reindeer brainworm, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, is a protostrongylid parasite of reindeer that has caused severe disease outbreaks in reindeer husbandry. E. rangiferi is considered ubiquitous in Norway, though most published prevalence studies are from Finnmark county only.

Development of a 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

This investigation aimed to develop a radiographic 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to perform a validation against expert evaluations. Data were collected from a population-based Nordic JIA cohort of 240 patients that received a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan approximately 17 years after onset of JIA. The cohort was randomized into two groups: A baseline group for establishing the index (n = 210) and a test group (n = 30).

Non-Canonical TERT Activity Initiates Osteogenesis in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

Background: Calcific aortic valve disease is the pathological remodeling of valve leaflets. The initial steps in valve leaflet osteogenic reprogramming are not fully understood. As TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) overexpression primes mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, we investigated whether TERT contributes to the osteogenic reprogramming of valve interstitial cells.

Learning to play to learn in pediatric physical therapy.

Introduction: Play is a way for children to develop and learn about themselves in conjunction with the world. Using play as part of pediatric physical therapy is broadly recommended. This study investigates this integration of play and seeks to answer the research question: How do pediatric physical therapists (PPT) understand and manage embedding play in pediatric physical therapy with children aged 0-3?

Methods: This is a qualitative study in which we connect to an enactive theoretical framework.

The temporal copulatory patterns of female rat sexual behavior.

Female sexual behavior is a naturally rewarding activity that plays an important role in reproduction and species survival. For female rats, regulating the timing of sexual interactions is essential for optimizing mating satisfaction and enhancing the physiological conditions needed for successful fertilization. So far, traditional research on female sexual behavior has relied on a limited set of behavioral parameters, which has certain shortcomings.