Spigelian hernia diagnosis: Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Spigelian hernia is a rare abdominal wall hernia, representing 0.1 to 2 % of all ventral hernias. Clinically, the signs and symptoms are nonspecific and unclear.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: an evidence-based review and recommendations for current practice.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at upfront surgery is the gold-standard surgical method for axillary lymph node staging in early stage breast cancer: the technique provides adequate information regarding axillary status, with similar oncological safety and lower morbidity compared to axillary dissection, despite the false negative rates. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), traditionally used for locally advanced breast cancer, plays an important role in the treatment of early stage breast cancer, making downstaging possible in axillary lymph node and breast cancer, thus minimizing the impact of surgery and reducing morbidity, as well as enabling patients with residual disease to be selected for adjuvant treatment. In this respect, the role of SLNB has proved controversial, particularly in view of the lack of data from randomized clinical trials on this subject.

Impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis on IL-12 and IL-8.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis is coordinated by distinct inflammatory reactions in different individuals. Inflammatory environments with a predominance of Th2 lymphocytes tend also to be rich in eosinophils. These environments are common during the formation of nasal polyps associated with aspirin intolerance, which is also marked by an increase in inflammatory mediators, especially IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.

Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 3: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

Although vitamin D deficiency resulting from insufficient sunlight exposure or inadequate dietary vitamin D intake is the most common cause of rickets, mutations in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism can cause genetic forms of rickets termed Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets (VDDR). In 2018, Roizen et al. described a new type of VDDR, named VDDR3, caused by a recurrent missense mutation in the CYP3A4 gene that leads to accelerated inactivation of vitamin D metabolites.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a young adult female.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is characterized by the accumulation of air in the mediastinum with no identified cause. It is a rare and self-limiting condition. We report the case of a 32-year-old female patient with controlled bronchial asthma, who presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, with no precipitating event.

Does pregabalin act in pain control after lateral pharyngoplasties and tonsillectomies? A pilot study.

Objective: Some studies have pointed to gabapentinoids as promising medications in postoperative pain control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in reducing postoperative pain in tonsillectomy and lateral pharyngoplasties.

Study Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Autoimmune Retinopathy, Testing, and Its Controversies.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this revision is to sumarize the most important clinical features of the autoimune retinopathies (AIRs).

Recent Findings: AIRs are a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the retina characterized by progressive unexplained visual loss, abnormalities and contraction in visual fields, photoreceptor and electroretinographic dysfunction, and the presence of circulating anti-retinal antibodies. The pathogenesis of AIR remains unclear and various antiretinal antibodies have been associated to the disease.

Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Ketamine is a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist with strong analgesic properties. Its addition to the treatment of neuropathic pain may reduce pain intensity and improve overall quality of life. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to investigate the addition of ketamine to the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain.